A ball game in which players throw metal balls at a small wooden ball (butte) as a target, competing to see who can get the closest to it. It is one of the boules games popular in the Mediterranean coastal region (boule means ball in French). The history of boules is long, and its origin is thought to date back to the 10th century BC. In the Middle Ages, it became so popular that it could be seen in city squares, and it has been loved by people in Europe for centuries. Among them, pétanque is the newest, and it was started in 1910 by Jules Noir, a champion of Provencal (a boules game popular in Marseille, France), who eliminated the run-up when throwing the ball so that anyone could play it (all other boules games require a run-up) and shortened the distance. Incidentally, the word pétanque comes from a southern French dialect meaning "to put one's feet together," and it differs from other boules games in that the ball is thrown from a circle drawn on the ground. Pétanque is generally played by three players on each team, with each player having two balls (70.5-80 mm in diameter, weighing 650-800 g), but doubles and singles (three balls per player) can also be played. The game begins with a player on the first team throwing a jack from a circle (30-50 cm in diameter) 6-10 meters away, and first throwing one of their balls so that it is closest to the jack. After that, the team whose ball was furthest from the jack throws the ball first. When both teams have finished throwing, a set is over. The number of balls that are closer to the jack than the opponent's ball that is closest to the jack is the score for that set. The set is repeated in this way, and the team that first scores 13 points wins. The court is rectangular, at least 4 meters wide and 15 meters long. The World Boules Sports Confederation (CMSB), which governs the three boules sports, pétanque, sport boules and raffa, is a member of the International Olympic Committee. Pétanque was introduced to Japan in the 1960s and is a representative French sport for the common people. Since the Japan-France Cultural Association published "Guide to Pétanque" and "Rules of Pétanque", it has become known nationwide and has become popular as a lifelong sport that can be enjoyed by people of all ages, from young to old. [Murase Yoshiomi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
目標となる木製の小球(ビュット)に金属製の球を投げ合い、より近づけることを競う球技。地中海沿岸地方で盛んなブール競技の一つである(ブールbouleはフランス語で球の意)。ブール競技の歴史は古く、その起源は紀元前10世紀ごろと推定され、中世には街なかの広場でみかけるほど盛んになり、その後何世紀にもわたってヨーロッパの人々に親しまれてきた。このなかでペタンクはもっとも新しく、1910年、プロバンサル(フランスのマルセイユで盛んなブール競技)のチャンピオンであったジュール・ノアールが、だれにでもできるように投球時の助走をなくし(他のブール競技はすべて助走をつけて投球する)、距離も短くしたのが始まりである。ちなみにペタンクとは「足をそろえる」という意味の南フランス方言が語源となっており、地面に描いたサークルの中から投球する点が他のブール競技と異なっている。 ペタンクは1チーム3人、1人の持ち球(直径70.5~80ミリメートル、重さ650~800グラム)2個で行うのが基本だが、ダブルスやシングルス(いずれも1人の持ち球3個)でも対戦できる。ゲームは先攻チームの1人がサークル(直径30~50センチメートル)からビュットを6~10メートルの間に投げ、まずこのビュットに近づけるように持ち球の1個を投球する。それ以降は、投げた持ち球がビュットから遠いチームから投球していく。両方のチームが全部投げ終わって1セットが終わる。相手チームのもっともビュットに近い球よりさらに近い球の数がそのセットでの得点となる。このようにしてセットを繰り返し、13点先取したチームが勝ちとなる。コートは長方形で、幅4メートル以上、長さ15メートル以上あればよい。 ぺタンクのほか、スポールブールとラッファの三つのブール競技を統括する組織である世界ブールスポーツ連合Confédération Mondiale Sports Boules(略称CMSB)は国際オリンピック委員会加盟団体である。ペタンクが日本に紹介されたのは昭和40年代で、フランスを代表する庶民のスポーツとして、日仏文化協会が「ペタンクの手引き」「ペタンク競技規則」などを発刊して以来、全国的に知られるようになり、若い人から高齢者まで楽しめる生涯スポーツとして普及してきている。 [村瀬良臣] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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