A port and port city in southwestern Montenegro on the Adriatic Sea. It is the largest port and only maritime gateway of Montenegro. The city is called Novibar (New Bar). The ruins of Staribar (Old Bar) are located at the foot of Mount Rumiya. The first written mention of Bar dates back to the 9th century under the Byzantine Empire. It was known in the Mediterranean as Antibari. Between the 11th and 15th centuries it gained autonomy at various times. In the 14th century, its archbishop was given the title of Archbishop of Serbia. It was under Venetian rule from 1443 to 1571 and Ottoman rule from 1571 to 1878. When Montenegrins gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878, it was partly destroyed, and after fighting in 1881 and 1912 it was left in ruins and abandoned. Since the late 1970s, the city has expanded significantly with the increase in the import and export of crude oil. It is connected to the Serbian capital of Belgrade by rail, and to the southeast is the port city of Ulcinj, known as a resort town. Inland is Lake Skodar, the largest lake in the Balkans. Population: 45,223 (2003 estimate). Bar |
モンテネグロ南西部,アドリア海に面する港および港町。モンテネグロ最大の港であり,唯一の海運上の玄関口である。都市名はノービバル (新バル) 。ルミヤ山のふもとにスタリバル (旧バル) の遺跡がある。バルに関する最古の記述はビザンチン帝国下の9世紀にさかのぼる。地中海諸国にはアンティバリの名で知られた。 11世紀から 15世紀にかけてたびたび自治権を獲得。 14世紀にはこの地の大主教がセルビア大主教の称号を得た。 1443~1571年ベネチア,1571~1878年オスマン帝国の支配下に置かれた。 1878年モンテネグロ人がオスマン帝国から独立をかちとった際,一部が壊滅,さらに 1881年と 1912年の戦闘で廃墟となり放棄された。 1970年代後半以降,原油の輸出入の増大に伴って都市部は大幅に拡大された。セルビアの首都ベオグラードと鉄道で結ばれ,南東にはリゾート地で知られる港町ウルツィニがあり,内陸にはバルカン半島最大の湖であるシコダル湖がある。人口4万 5223 (2003推計) 。
バル
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