Begonia
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A general term for the genus Begonia (Begonia) in the Begoniaceae family. Herbaceous or semi-shrub. Widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of the world except Australia, with over 1,400 known species. Some have upright stems, some vines that twine around other things, some have thick rhizomes that crawl on the ground, and some have tubers underground. There is a wide variation in leaf shape, color, pattern, size, and the presence or absence of hair and color. Monoecious. Usually, the flower stalk emerges from the leaf axil near the stem tip, and the tip of the stalk bifurcates 3 to 7 times, blooming male flowers, and finally drooping into a large cluster of female flowers. Male flowers have two large round petals and two small ladle-shaped petals, and many stamens. Female flowers have five petals of different sizes and one pistil. The ovary is inferior, usually 3-lobed, but occasionally 2-5, and has 3 pterygoid processes, with numerous ovules. The stigma is 3-lobed, each of which is further 2-lobed, with a twisted or crest-shaped tip. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Pedigree varietiesIt is a large genus, divided into over 80 sections, but in horticulture it is classified into the following eight lineages based on the shape and properties of the stem and the morphology of the roots. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Begonia shrubThis group has stems that grow straight up, and depending on the shape and growth of the stem, they can be further divided into arrow bamboo type, clumping type, succulent stem type, and creeping type. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Rhizome BegoniaThis group has thick, succulent rhizomes with dense internodes that spread across the ground, and is the most diverse of the genus. Depending on the shape of the rhizome, they can be divided into horizontal rhizome type, upright rhizome type, semi-tree type, and underground stem type. As many of them have beautiful leaves, they are sometimes collectively called foliage begonias. Most of them flower from winter to early spring, and can tolerate relatively weak light, but they grow best in places with high air temperatures. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Tuberous BegoniaThere are relatively few varieties, including species that have underground bulbs or tubers, and simple hybrids between these species. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Tuberous BegoniaThis colorful and beautiful summer-flowering begonia has tubers underground and was developed through complex hybridization of several original species, centered on B. boliviensis A.DC., a tuberous begonia that grows wild in the Andes Mountains of South America. There are two types: standing types with upright stems and hanging types with drooping stems. Many of them have beautiful flowers in a wide variety of colors. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Rex BegoniaIt was developed by crossbreeding several original species with beautiful leaves based on the rhizomatous begonia Rex , native to the Assam region of India, and its flowers can be enjoyed from autumn to winter. There are nearly 1,000 cultivated varieties. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Four seasons blooming begoniaIt is a dwarf species that was improved based on the Brazilian native B. semperflorens Link et Otto, which belongs to the clump-growing shrub begonia, and grows to a height of 15 to 40 centimeters. There are green-leaf and copper-leaf species, and there are also species with white and pale yellow spots. In places where the temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius, it continues to bloom all year round, covering the plant, so hundreds of species are cultivated around the world for use in flower beds, potted plants, and planters. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Winter-flowering BegoniaIts English name is Christmas begonia, and it is an artificially cultivated species that blooms from around November to spring, mainly around Christmas. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] Elatior Begoniaelatior begonia. An artificially cultivated species created by crossing a horticultural variety of Socotrana with a tuberous begonia. In recent years, the series of Riegers begonias that were released by Otto Rieger of Germany after further breeding, such as the scarlet single-flowered and pink double-flowered varieties, belong to this species. In Japan, they are cultivated as the main variety for potted flowers from autumn to early spring. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] CultivationThey can grow in places with relatively little light. Many are generally sensitive to the cold, so they need to be protected in a greenhouse or frame during the winter. It is preferable to use clean soil that is well-drained and rich in organic matter. Water generously when the surface of the soil in the pot turns white and dry. As they are susceptible to nematodes, do not use soil that may be contaminated, such as garden soil, or disinfect it before using it. Powdery mildew is sure to occur in early spring and early autumn when temperatures reach around 20°C, so spray an insecticide early. Reproduction varies depending on the species, including by cuttings, division, and seedlings. [Yoshiyuki Uemura February 17, 2020] [References] |The stems stand upright. They are divided into arrow bamboo type, clumping type, succulent stem type, and creeping type. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose "> Begonia (Tree Begonia) There are tubers underground, and there are standing types with stems that stand up and hanging types with stems that hang down. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose "> Begonia (Tuberous Begonia) A hybrid based on the rhizomatous begonia Rex. There are about 1,000 cultivated varieties. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose "> Begonia (Rex Begonia) A dwarf variety developed based on the Brazilian native Semperflorens ©Shogakukan "> Begonia (Four-season begonia) It was created by crossbreeding a horticultural variety of Socotrana and a tuberous begonia. In Japan, it is a main variety of potted flower from autumn to early spring. ©Shogakukan Photo by Masatoshi Hirose "> Begonia (Elatior Begonia) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
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シュウカイドウ科シュウカイドウ属（ベゴニア属）の総称。草本または半低木。オーストラリアを除く世界の熱帯から亜熱帯に広く分布し、1400種以上が知られる。茎は直立するもの、つるとなって他物に絡まるもののほか、太い根茎となって地面をはうもの、地下に塊茎があるものなどがある。葉の形や色彩、模様、大きさ、毛の有無や色など変異が多い。雌雄同株。普通、茎頂に近い葉腋(ようえき)から花柄を出し、その先が3～7回、二又分岐を繰り返し、雄花を咲き進め、最後に雌花の大きな花房となって垂れ下がる。雄花は大きな丸形の2弁と小さな杓子(しゃくし)形の2弁からなり、雄しべは多数。雌花は大小不同の5弁からなり、雌しべは1本。子房は下位で、普通3室であるが、まれに2～5室、3枚の翼状突起があり、中に多数の胚珠(はいしゅ)がある。柱頭は3裂し、おのおのさらに2裂して先がねじれるか鶏冠状になる。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 系統品種大きな属であり、80余節に分類されるが、園芸上は茎の形や性質、根の形態から次の8系統に分類されている。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 木立ち性ベゴニア茎がまっすぐに立ち上がって伸びるグループで、茎の形や出方により、さらに矢竹型、叢生(そうせい)型、多肉茎型、つる性型に分けられる。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 根茎性ベゴニア太く多汁質で節間の詰まった根茎が地面をはって広がるグループで、本属のなかではもっとも種類が多い。根茎の形によって横走根茎型、直立根茎型、半木立ち型、地中茎型に分けられる。葉の美しいものが多いので、観葉ベゴニアと総称することもある。大部分は冬から早春に開花し、比較的弱光線にも耐えるが、空中温度が高い所でよく育つ。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 球根性ベゴニア地下に球根または塊茎がある原種、およびそれら原種どうしの単純な交配種であるが、比較的種類は少ない。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 球根ベゴニア南アメリカのアンデス山系に野生する球根性ベゴニアであるボリビエンシスB. boliviensis A.DC.を中心に数種の原種を複雑に交配して育成された、多彩で美しい夏咲きベゴニアで、地中に塊茎がある。茎が立ち上がって伸びるスタンド型と、茎が垂れ下がるハンギング型とに分かれる。花色が豊富で美しいものが多い。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ レックスベゴニアインドのアッサム地方原産の根茎性ベゴニアであるレックスB. rex Putz.をもとに、葉の美しいいくつかの原種を交配して育成されたもので、花は秋から冬にかけ観賞できる。栽培品種は1000種に近い。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 四季咲きベゴニア木立ち性ベゴニアの叢生型に属するブラジル原産のセンパフローレンスB. semperflorens Link et Ottoをもとに改良された矮性(わいせい)種で、高さ15～40センチメートル。緑葉種と銅葉種に分かれ、白、淡黄色の斑(ふ)入り葉種もある。10℃以上の所では四季を通じて株を覆って咲き続けるので、花壇や鉢植え、プランター用として、世界中で数百種が栽培される。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 冬咲きベゴニア英名をクリスマス・ベゴニアChristmas begoniaといい、クリスマスを中心に11月ころから春にかけて咲く、人工育成種である。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ エラチオール・ベゴニアelatior begonia. ソコトラーナと球根ベゴニアの園芸品種を交雑して作出された人工育成種で、近年、ドイツのオットー・リーガーOtto Riegerが品種改良を進め発表した、緋赤(ひせき)色の一重咲きや桃色の八重咲きなど、一連のリーガース・ベゴニアもこの系統に属し、日本でも秋から早春の鉢花の主力品種として栽培される。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ 栽培比較的光量の少ない所でも育つ。また総じて寒さに弱いものが多く、冬は温室かフレーム内で保護する必要がある。用土は排水、水もちがよく有機質に富んだ清潔なものが望ましい。灌水(かんすい)は、鉢土の表面が白く乾いたらたっぷりとする。ネマトーダ（線虫類）に冒されやすいため、庭土など汚染のおそれのある土は使わないか、消毒してから用いるようにする。気温が20℃前後になる春先と秋口は、かならずうどんこ病が発生するので、早めに薬剤を散布する。繁殖は挿木、株分け、実生(みしょう)など、系統によって異なる。 ［植村猶行 2020年2月17日］ [参照項目] |茎がまっすぐに立ち上がる。矢竹型、叢生型、多肉茎型、つる性型に分けられる©Shogakukan 撮影／広瀬雅敏"> ベゴニア（木立ち性ベゴニア） 地中に塊茎があり、茎が立ち上がるスタンド型と垂れ下がるハンギング型がある©Shogakukan 撮影／広瀬雅敏"> ベゴニア（球根ベゴニア） 根茎性ベゴニアのレックスをもとにした交雑種。栽培品種は約1000種©Shogakukan 撮影／広瀬雅敏"> ベゴニア（レックスベゴニア） ブラジル原産のセンパフローレンスをもとに改良された矮性種©Shogakukan"> ベゴニア（四季咲きベゴニア） ソコトラーナと球根ベゴニアの園芸品種を交雑して作出された。日本では秋～早春の鉢花の主力品種©Shogakukan 撮影／広瀬雅敏"> ベゴニア（エラチオール・ベゴニア） 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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