A flat surface that continues indefinitely is called a plane. The following [1], [2], and [3] are the basics of planes. [1] A line passing through two points on a plane is included in the plane ( (1)). [2] There is only one plane that contains three points that are not on a line ( (2)). [3] When two planes have a common point, they share a line ( (3)). When two planes do not have a common point, the two planes are said to be parallel. Also, when two planes α and β share a line, α and β are said to intersect, and this line is called the line of intersection. When a line perpendicular to a point on the line of intersection is drawn on the two planes α and β, the size of the angle between the perpendicular lines is called the angle made by α and β, and when this angle is a right angle, α and β are said to be perpendicular.In terms of spatial coordinates, all points whose coordinates are (x, y, z) that satisfy the linear equation ax+by+cz+d=0 for x, y, and z form a plane. In other words, this linear equation describes a plane. [Minoru Kurita] ©Shogakukan "> Plane (Diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
平らでどこまでも延びている面を平面という。平面については、次の〔1〕〔2〕〔3〕が基本となる。〔1〕平面上の2点を通る直線はこの平面に含まれている( の(1))。〔2〕一直線上にない3点を含む平面は一つあって一つに限る( の(2))。〔3〕二つの平面に共有点があるときは、一直線を共有する( の(3))。二つの平面に共有点がないとき、この二平面は平行であるという。また、二平面α、βが一直線を共有するとき、α、βは交わるといい、その一直線を交線という。交線上の点を通ってこれに垂直な直線を二平面α、β上で引くとき、それらの垂線のつくる角の大きさをα、βのつくる角といい、とくにこの角が直角のときα、βは垂直であるという。空間の座標について、x、y、zの一次方程式ax+by+cz+d=0を満たす(x,y,z)を座標にもつ点の全体は平面になっている。つまり、この一次方程式は平面を表す。 [栗田 稔] ©Shogakukan"> 平面〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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