Norwegian anthropologist, archaeologist, and explorer. He emphasized the oceanographic factors of wind and tides in cultural diffusion, and proposed that the origins of Polynesian culture lie in the pre-Inca civilization of South America, and that the ancient civilizations of the Americas were established under the influence of the civilizations of the ancient Orient. To prove his theory, he restored ancient ships such as the Kon-Tiki (1947), Ra I and Ra II (1969, 1970), and conducted drifting experiments. He also explored the Galapagos Islands (1953) and conducted archaeological research on Easter Island (1955-1956). In 1977-1978, he restored an ancient Mesopotamian Sumerian ship and sailed it to Djibouti on the Red Sea coast of Africa, but his diffusion theory has not become the accepted academic consensus. [Katsumi Tamura December 13, 2018] "The Voyage of the Reed Boat Ra" by T. Heyerdahl, translated by Jun Nagai (1971, Soshisha)" ▽ "Anthropology of the Ocean by Thor Heyerdahl, translated by Naokazu Kokubu and Nobuyoshi Kimura (1990, Hosei University Press)" ▽ "Fatu Hiva: In Search of Paradise, Volumes 1 and 2, by T. Heyerdahl, translated by Akira Yamada (Shakai Shisosha, Gendai Kyoyo Bunko)" ▽ "Ak-Ak: The Secret of the Isolated Easter Island, by Thor Heyerdahl, translated by Akira Yamada (Shakai Shisosha, Gendai Kyoyo Bunko)" ▽ "The Kon-Tiki Expedition, by T. Heyerdahl, translated by Shigeo Mizuguchi (Chikuma Bunko)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ノルウェーの人類学者、考古学者、探検家。文化伝播(でんぱ)における風や潮流の海洋学的要因を重視し、ポリネシア文化の源流が南アメリカのプレ・インカ期の文明にあること、アメリカ大陸の古代文明が古代オリエントの文明の影響の下に成立したことなどを唱えた。彼は自説を証明するのに、コン・ティキ号(1947)、ラーⅠ、Ⅱ号(1969、1970)など、古代の船を復原して漂流実験を行い、ガラパゴス諸島の探検(1953)やイースター島の考古学調査(1955~1956)も行った。1977~1978年には、古代メソポタミアのシュメール人の船を復原し、アフリカ紅海沿岸のジブチまでの航海を行っているが、彼の伝播説は学界の定説となっていない。 [田村克己 2018年12月13日] 『T・ヘイエルダール著、永井淳訳『葦舟ラー号航海記』(1971・草思社)』▽『トール・ヘイエルダール著、国分直一・木村伸義訳『海洋の人類誌』(1990・法政大学出版局)』▽『T・ヘイエルダール著、山田晃訳『ファツ・ヒバ――楽園を求めて』上・下(社会思想社・現代教養文庫)』▽『トール・ヘイエルダール著、山田晃訳『アク・アク――孤島イースター島の秘密』(社会思想社・現代教養文庫)』▽『T・ヘイエルダール著、水口志計夫訳『コン・ティキ号探検記』(ちくま文庫)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Beijerinck, Martinus Willem
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