Born: February 29, 1792. Peep [Died] November 28, 1876, Dorpat German zoologist born in Estonia. One of the founders of modern animal embryology. After completing his medical studies at the University of Dorpat (1814), he studied abroad in Germany and Austria (14-17). His motivation for studying comparative anatomy at the University of Würzburg led him to study embryology. He taught at the University of Königsberg from 1817, and between 1819 and 1834, he achieved many important feats in embryology. In 1827, he demonstrated that all animals develop from eggs, and in 1828, he developed the germ layer theory, developing the theory presented by C. Pander (17). The germ layer theory was presented in a complete form in Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere (2 volumes, 28, 37), which also discussed the principles of development. In 1934, he left Germany and moved to St. Petersburg, where he became a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. At this time, he also left embryology and devoted himself to research and investigation of geography, anthropology, and ethnology. He contributed to the establishment of the Russian Geographical Society, the Russian Entomological Society, and the German Anthropological Society. In 1967, he retired and returned to Estonia. He arrived at the concept of evolution independently of C. Darwin, and believed that similar animals had a common ancestor. However, he strongly opposed Darwin's theory that all living things descended from a single ancestor. Behr |
[生]1792.2.29. ピープ [没]1876.11.28. ドルパト エストニア生れのドイツの動物学者。近代動物発生学の建設者の一人。ドルパト大学で医学を修めた (1814) のち,ドイツ,オーストリアに留学 (14~17) 。ウュルツブルク大学で比較解剖学を学んだのが動機となって,発生学に向う。 1817年よりケーニヒスベルク大学で教え,19~34年の間,発生学で多くの重要な業績を上げた。 27年すべての動物が卵より発生することを明らかにしたほか,28年に,C.パンダーが提示した (17) 説を発展させて胚葉説を立てた。完成された形で胚葉説の提示が行われたのは『動物の発生史について』 Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere (2巻,28,37) においてであるが,同書では発生原則も論じられている。 34年,ドイツを去ってペテルブルグに移り,ロシア科学アカデミー正会員となったが,このときに発生学もやめ,以後,地理学,人類学,民族学の調査,研究に従う。ロシア地理学会,ロシア昆虫学会,ドイツ人類学会の設立に貢献。 67年引退してエストニアに戻る。なお,彼は,C.ダーウィンとは独立に進化の概念に到達し,類似した動物同士は共通の祖先をもつと考えていた。しかし,全生物を単一の祖先に由来するものとみるダーウィンの学説には強硬に反対した。 ベーア
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