Cultural struggle - Kulturkampf

Japanese: 文化闘争 - ぶんかとうそう(英語表記)Kulturkampf
Cultural struggle - Kulturkampf
A concept in German history. The political struggle against the Catholic Church by Bismarck in the 1870s. Bismarck attacked the anti-Prussian Catholic Church because of the need for state control. Specifically, he removed the church's right to supervise schools and put them under state control, banned anti-government propaganda by pastors through the 1871 School Ordinance, took control of the state's power to appoint and dismiss pastors through the May Law of 1873, and transferred the state to the state the right to register births, deaths, marriages, and other matters, and expelled disobedient pastors. There was also a strong Catholic backlash against these policies, which was manifested in an increase in the number of seats for the Center Party (Catholic political party). Contrary to his expectations, the Kulturkampf grew in size, and Bismarck, taking into account other circumstances, put an end to it with the accession of the new Pope Leo XIII in 1878. However, this struggle dealt a major blow to Catholic power in Germany.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ドイツ史上の概念。 1870年代のビスマルクによるカトリック教会に対する政治闘争。ビスマルクは国家統制の必要から反プロシア的なカトリック教会に対する攻撃を行なった。具体的には,教会の学校に対する監督権の排除と国家によるそれの管掌,1871年の教壇条例による牧師の反政府宣伝の禁止,73年の五月法による牧師の任免権の国家による管掌,さらに出生,死亡,結婚など戸籍事務の国家への移譲,不従順な牧師の追放などである。この政策に対するカトリック側による反撃も強く,それは中央党 (カトリック政党) の議席増加となって現れた。ビスマルクは,自己の予想に反して,この文化闘争が大きくなったこと,その他の事情を考慮して,78年の新教皇レオ 13世の即位を契機に,これに終止符を打った。しかし,この闘争によってドイツのカトリック勢力は大きな打撃をこうむった。

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