Bunka and Bunsei era

Japanese: 文化文政時代 - ぶんかぶんせいじだい

This was a period under the rule of the eleventh Tokugawa Shogun, Ienari, particularly during the Bunka and Bunsei eras ( 1804-30 ). A commodity economy developed nationwide, and peasant markets were formed in various regions, centered on newly emerging cities. Old and new market forces were replaced, and the monetary economy spread to rural areas, leading to class differentiation. On the surface, it was peaceful, and townspeople culture flourished, centered around Edo. It produced many excellent writers, including yomihon (Takizawa Bakin), ninjyohon (Tamenaga Shunsui), kokeihon (Jippensha Ikku and Shikitei Sanba), joruri and kabuki (scriptwriter Tsuruya Nanboku), kyoka (Ota Shusanjin), ukiyo-e (Harunobu, Utamaro, Sharaku), and painting (Ike Taiga and Maruyama Okyo). However, compared to the Genroku culture that flourished in the Kamigata region of the early Edo period, discipline was loosened and the feelings of the twisted townspeople were reflected in the strong tendency toward decadent morals and hedonism. The Kasei era. During the Bunka era.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

徳川一一代将軍家斉治下の、特に文化・文政年間（一八〇四‐三〇）を中心とした時代。全国的に商品経済が展開し、各地に新興の都市を中心とする農民的な市場が形成された。新旧の市場勢力が交替し、農村にも貨幣経済が浸透して階層分化が進んだ。表面的には平穏で江戸を中心に町人文化が栄えた。読本（滝沢馬琴）、人情本（為永春水）、滑稽本（十返舎一九・式亭三馬）、浄瑠璃・歌舞伎（脚本作家に鶴屋南北）、狂歌（大田蜀山人）、浮世絵（春信・歌麿・写楽）、絵画（池大雅・円山応挙）などすぐれた作家を輩出。が、江戸初期の上方中心に栄えた元祿文化に比して、綱紀もゆるみ屈折した町人の心情が反映して、風俗頽廃の享楽的傾向が強い。化政時代。化政期。

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