Soviet politician. Born near Kiev, Ukraine. Jewish. Worked as a shoemaker from the age of 14, and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (later the Communist Party) in 1911. Involved in the revolutionary movement in Ukraine. Elected as a Central Committee member at the 13th Party Congress in 1924, a candidate for the Politburo in 1926, and a member of the Politburo in 1930. From 1925 to 1928, he also served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine. In the 1930s, he was Stalin's right-hand man, and was a skilled leader in many departments. From 1930 to 1935, he was First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee, directing urban and subway construction, and in 1933, he became head of the Agriculture Department of the Party Central Committee, taking a hard-line stance against the critical situation in rural areas. Furthermore, he was always responsible for overcoming difficult situations, such as taking charge of rebuilding the railway transportation system, which was in a catastrophic state. In 1937 he became People's Commissar for Heavy Industry, and in 1939 he became People's Commissar for Fuel Industry. During World War II, as a member of the National Defense Committee, he secured transportation to the Caucasus. After the war, in 1947 he became First Secretary of Ukraine again, and in 1953 he became First Deputy Prime Minister of the Union. In June 1957, he tried to oust Khrushchev together with Malenkov and Molotov, but failed, and was dismissed from public office as an "anti-party element." He then disappeared from politics. [Nobuaki Shiokawa] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ソ連の政治家。ウクライナのキエフ近郊に生まれる。ユダヤ人。14歳から製靴工として働き、1911年ロシア社会民主労働党(のちの共産党)に入党。ウクライナを舞台に革命運動に携わる。1924年の第13回党大会で中央委員に選ばれ、1926年政治局員候補、1930年政治局員となる。1925~1928年にはウクライナ共産党第一書記を兼ねる。1930年代にはスターリンの片腕として多くの部署で辣腕(らつわん)を振るった。1930~1935年にはモスクワ市委員会第一書記として都市建設、地下鉄建設を指揮し、1933年には党中央委員会農業部長となって、農村の危機的状況に対して強硬な姿勢で臨んだ。さらには、破局的状態にあった鉄道運輸再建の任にあたるなど、つねに難局突破の重責を担った。1937年には重工業人民委員、1939年には燃料工業人民委員となる。第二次世界大戦中は国家防衛委員会のメンバーとしてカフカス方面の輸送を確保した。戦後の1947年ふたたびウクライナの第一書記となり、1953年には連邦第一副首相となる。1957年6月、マレンコフ、モロトフらとともにフルシチョフ追い落としを図って失敗し、「反党分子」として公職を追われた。以後、政界から姿を消した。 [塩川伸明] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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