American poet. Born in San Francisco on March 26, he moved to New England after his father's death. He attended Dartmouth and Harvard universities, but did not find it a good fit, so he tried various jobs. In 1912, he moved to England with his family, where he interacted with local nature poet E. Thomas Phillip Edward Thomas (1878-1917) and others, and published the poetry collections "A Boy's Heart" (1913) and "North of Boston" (1914). He was eventually recognized as a poet and encouraged to join the Imagism movement, which emphasized the musical effect in poetry, but he remained isolated. Even after returning to the United States in 1915, he left the city and lived on a farm in New Hampshire, pursuing the lives of people living in the countryside as a nature poet. During that time, he was invited to become a professor of poetry at many universities, including Amherst College, but he never abandoned his rural life throughout his life. After winning the Pulitzer Prize for Between the Mountains (1916) and New Hampshire (1923), he won the prize again and again for works such as A River That Runs West (1928), Distant Mountains (1936), and The Testimony Tree (1942). One of the reasons why Frost's poems are so widely recited is the nostalgia for nature that Americans have felt since R.W. Emerson. His poetry also deepened from the lyricism of his early period to a more life-reflective style in his later years, and as a critic of modern society, he made extensive use of pastoral effects. In the poem "A Lesson for Today" in The Testimony Tree, he argues that the misfortunes of the modern age are not increasing compared to past times, and he takes a stoic stance, saying that we should endure them as people of the past did. This classical tendency is also seen in the two masked plays he produced in his later years, "The Mask of Reason" (1945) and "The Mask of Mercy" (1947). He died in Boston on January 29, 1963. [Shunichi Niikura] "Ichiro Ando's translation of "Frost's Poems" (included in "Collection of the World's Poets: Dickinson, Frost, Sandburg Poems", Shinchosha, 1968)" [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの詩人。3月26日、サンフランシスコに生まれ、父の死後ニュー・イングランドに移る。ダートマスやハーバード大学に在籍したが肌があわず、さまざまな仕事を試みた。1912年、家族とイギリスに渡り、同地の自然詩人E・トマスPhillip Edward Thomas(1878―1917)らと交わり、詩集『少年のこころ』(1913)、『ボストンの北』(1914)を世に問う。やがて詩人として認められ、詩における音楽的効果を強調するイマジズム運動に参加を勧められるが孤立を貫き、1915年にアメリカへ帰ってからも、都会を離れてニュー・ハンプシャーの農場に住み、自然詩人として田園に生きる人々の生活を追求した。その間、アマースト・カレッジなど多くの大学から詩人教授として招かれたが、生涯、田園の生活を捨てなかった。『山の合間』(1916)を経て『ニューハンプシャー』(1923)でピュリッツァー賞を受け、その後も『西へ流れる川』(1928)、『遙(はる)かな山並』(1936)、『証(あか)しの樹』(1942)などで、再三受賞している。フロストの詩が一般に広く愛誦(あいしょう)されるのは、ひとつにはR・W・エマソン以来のアメリカ人が抱く自然へのノスタルジアの味わいであろう。また、彼の詩業は初期の叙情性から後期は人生省察へと深化しており、現代社会の批判者として、牧歌の効果を縦横に駆使している。詩集『証しの樹』のなかの「今日のための訓(おし)え」では、過去の時代と比べて現代の不幸が増しているわけではないと説き、過去の人と同じくこれに耐えて生くべきだと、ストイックな姿勢を示す。この古典主義的傾向は晩年の仮面劇『理性の仮面』(1945)、『慈悲の仮面』(1947)の2編にも貫かれている。1963年1月29日、ボストンで死去。 [新倉俊一] 『安藤一郎訳『フロスト詩篇』(『世界詩人全集 ディキンソン、フロスト、サンドバーグ詩集』所収・1968・新潮社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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