Also simply called flavor. A concept introduced to represent the types of quarks. Currently, elementary particles such as protons and neutrons are thought to be made up of a number of quarks, which are even more fundamental particles, and these types of quarks are called flavor degrees of freedom. When the quark model was proposed by M. Gell-Mann and G. Zweig in 1963, all elementary particles could be neatly classified into three types of quarks: u quarks with an upward degree of freedom, d quarks with a downward degree of freedom, and s quarks with a strange degree of freedom (initially a sideway degree of freedom). (Here, the upward and downward degrees of freedom are just for classification purposes.) Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
単にフレーバーともいう。クォークの種類を表すために導入された概念。現在では,陽子,中性子などの素粒子は,さらに基本的な粒子であるクォークがいくつか組み合わさってつくられていると考えられており,これらクォークの種類のことをフレーバー自由度という。1963年にM.ゲル・マンとG.ツワイクによってクォーク模型が提唱された際には,上向きupの自由度をもつuクォークと下向きdownの自由度をもつdクォーク,それに奇妙さstrangeの自由度(当初は横向きsidewayの自由度)をもつsクォークの3種類のクォークで,すべての素粒子がうまく分類できていた(ここで上向き,下向きなどは単に分類のためのもの)。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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