Bluntschli - Bluntschli (English spelling) Johann Kasper Bluntschli

A leading German legal scholar of the 19th century. Born in Zurich, Switzerland. Studied under historical legal scholar Savigny at the University of Berlin in 1827, and obtained his doctorate at the University of Bonn from 1828 to 1829 with a dissertation on Roman law of inheritance. Became an assistant professor at the University of Zurich in 1833, and a professor in 1836. Elected to the parliament in 1837, he founded the "Liberal-Conservative Party" and sought liberal reforms in opposition to both the radical and conservative factions. Transferred to the University of Munich in 1848. Transferred to the University of Heidelberg in 1861. There he was also politically active, and supported Bismarck's unification policy. His main work, "General Law of the State" (1851-1852), criticized the social contract theory from the standpoint of the theory of state organism, advocated the theory of state sovereignty, and rejected both the reactionary theory of the patrimonial state and absolute monarchy, as well as their polar opposites, the theory of popular sovereignty. This book was translated into an abridged form by Kato Hiroyuki as "National Law General Theory" (1876), and played a role in defending the legitimacy of the Meiji government. His other works include "Doitsu Shiho" (German Private Law) (1853), "General National Law and Political Science History" (1864), and "Modern International Law" (1868).

[Hiroshi Tanaka October 19, 2018]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

19世紀ドイツの代表的法学者。スイスのチューリヒ生まれ。1827年ベルリン大学で歴史法学者サビニーに学び、1828～1829年ボン大学でローマ法の相続法関係の論文で博士号を取得。1833年チューリヒ大学助教授、1836年教授。1837年議員に当選、「自由・保守党」を創立し、急進・守旧両派に対抗して自由主義的改革を図る。1848年ミュンヘン大学に移る。1861年にはハイデルベルク大学に転ずる。ここでも政治活動を行い、ビスマルクの統一政策を支持。主著『一般国法学』（1851～1852）は国家有機体説の立場から社会契約説を批判し、国家主権説を唱えて、反動的な家産国家論や絶対君主論とその対極にある人民主権論をともに排撃した。この本は加藤弘之(ひろゆき)によって『国法汎論(はんろん)』（1876）として抄訳され、明治政府の正統性を弁護する役割を担った。ほかに『ドイツ私法』（1853）、『一般国法学および政治学史』（1864）、『近代国際法』（1868）など。

［田中　浩　2018年10月19日］

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