In ancient Greece, the Amphiktionia (Amphiktionia) waged three wars against cities that encroached on the Delphic temple grounds to prevent sacrilege against Apollo. (1) The first war began with a dispute between Delphi and Cylla over the right to tax pilgrims. The Amphiktionia, led by Thessaly, destroyed Cylla with the help of Sicyon and Athens (c. 590 BC) and declared Delphi independent. (2) The second war was occupied by the Phocians, who liberated Delphi by Sparta, but it was soon reunited by Athens (448 BC). Delphi's independence was later confirmed by the Peace of Nicias. (3) The third war began when Thebes, the dominant force in the Amphiktionia at the time, oppressed Phocis, leading to the Phocians occupying Delphi (354 BC). The war involved many Greek poleis, including Philip II of Macedonia, and ended with the surrender of Phocis. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代ギリシアにおいて,アポロンに対する涜神行為を防ぐため,隣保同盟 (アンフィクチオニア ) がデルフォイ神殿領を侵犯する都市に対して行なった3度にわたる戦争。 (1) 第1次 巡礼者への課税権をめぐってデルフォイとキッラの間に起った争いに端を発した戦争で,同盟側はテッサリアが中心となりシキュオン,アテネの助力を得て,キッラを滅ぼし (前 590頃) ,デルフォイの独立が宣言された。 (2) 第2次 フォキス人によりデルフォイが占領され,スパルタがこれを解放したが,まもなくアテネによって再びフォキス領とされた (前 448) 。のちにデルフォイの独立はニキアスの平和によって確認された。 (3) 第3次 当時隣保同盟の支配的存在だったテーベがフォキスを圧迫したためフォキス人がデルフォイを占領し,戦争が始った (前 354) 。この戦争にはギリシアの多数のポリスが巻込まれ,マケドニアのフィリッポス2世も介入し,フォキスの降伏により戦争は終った。
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