Blumenbach - Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

Japanese: ブルーメンバハ - ぶるーめんばは(英語表記)Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Blumenbach - Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

German anatomist. Known as the father of physical anthropology. After studying medicine at Jena, he became professor of anatomy in 1778 and served in that position for nearly 60 years. He conducted extensive research, mainly on the morphological differences between races, and laid the foundations of physical anthropology. One of his greatest achievements was applying the techniques of comparative anatomy to human beings, particularly through detailed comparative research on skulls. As a result, he divided the world's races into five major groups: Caucasians (white people), Mongolians (yellow people), Malayans (brown people), Ethiopians (black people), and American Indians (red people). This is the basis of current racial classification. He also advocated monism and divided primates into bipeds (humans) and tetrapeds (non-human apes). This classification is no longer supported today, but the terms bipeds and tetrapeds are convenient and are still sometimes used today.

[Kazuo Hanihara, November 19, 2018]

[Reference item] | Physical anthropology

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの解剖学者。自然人類学の父として知られる。イエナで医学を学んだのち、1778年解剖学の教授となり、60年近くその地位にあって活躍した。主として人種間の形態の差について広い研究を行い、自然人類学の基礎をつくった。彼の最大の功績の一つは、比較解剖学の手法を人類に応用したことで、とくに頭骨の詳しい比較研究を行った。その結果、世界の人種をコーカシアン(白人)、モンゴリアン(黄色人)、マラヤン(褐色人)、エチオピアン(黒人)、アメリカ・インディアン(赤色人)に五大別した。これは現在の人種分類の基礎になっている。また人類一元論を唱え、霊長類を二手類(人類)と四手類(人類以外のサル)に分けた。この分類は現在は賛成されていないが、二手類、四手類という用語は便利なので、いまでも使われることがある。

[埴原和郎 2018年11月19日]

[参照項目] | 自然人類学

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