External bureau - Gaikyoku

Japanese: 外局 - ガイキョク

An administrative agency that reports directly to the Cabinet Office and each ministry, but is outside of the internal bureaus and has jurisdiction over special missions. There are two types: agencies and committees, with 17 agencies and 8 committees in 1 office and 10 ministries. ⇔ Internal bureau.
[Additional information] There are 17 external bureaus: the Financial Services Agency and Consumer Affairs Agency (Cabinet Office), Fire and Disaster Management Agency (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), Public Security Intelligence Agency, Immigration Services Agency (Ministry of Justice), National Tax Agency (Ministry of Finance), Agency for Cultural Affairs and Sports Agency (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), Forestry Agency and Fisheries Agency (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Patent Office and Small and Medium Enterprise Agency (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), Japan Coast Guard, Japan Meteorological Agency and Japan Tourism Agency (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism), and Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency (Ministry of Defense). There are eight external commissions: the Fair Trade Commission, National Public Safety Commission and Personal Information Protection Commission (Cabinet Office), Pollution Adjustment Commission (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), Public Security Examination Commission (Ministry of Justice), Central Labor Relations Commission (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare), Japan Transport Safety Board (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism), and Nuclear Regulation Authority (Ministry of the Environment). Furthermore, the National Police Agency is established as a special organ within the National Public Safety Commission, the Public Prosecutor's Office as a special organ within the Ministry of Justice, the Imperial Household Agency as an organ under the control of the Prime Minister and within the Cabinet Office, and the Reconstruction Agency as an organ directly under the Cabinet; all of these are different from external bureaus.

Source: About Shogakukan Digital Daijisen Information | Legend

Japanese:

内閣府、各省に直属するが、その内部部局の外にあって、特殊な任務を所管する行政機関。庁と委員会の2種があり、1府10省に17の庁と8つの委員会が置かれている。⇔内局。
[補説]外局としての庁には、金融庁・消費者庁（内閣府）、消防庁（総務省）、公安調査庁、出入国在留管理庁（法務省）、国税庁（財務省）、文化庁・スポーツ庁（文部科学省）、林野庁・水産庁（農林水産省）、資源エネルギー庁・特許庁・中小企業庁（経済産業省）、海上保安庁・気象庁・観光庁（国土交通省）、防衛装備庁（防衛省）の17庁がある。外局としての委員会には、公正取引委員会・国家公安委員会・個人情報保護委員会（内閣府）、公害等調整委員会（総務省）、公安審査委員会（法務省）、中央労働委員会（厚生労働省）、運輸安全委員会（国土交通省）、原子力規制委員会（環境省）の8つがある。なお、警察庁は国家公安委員会、検察庁は法務省に特別の機関として、また、宮内庁は内閣総理大臣の管理に属する機関として内閣府に、復興庁は内閣直属の機関としてそれぞれ設置されているもので、外局としての庁とは異なる。

出典　小学館デジタル大辞泉について　情報 | 凡例

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