Slovak nationalist politician. He served as a Catholic priest from 1889. At the time, Slovakia was under Hungarian rule, and Slovak language classes and ethnic cultural organizations were abolished at universities, and Hungarianization was strengthened. In the midst of this, Slovaks began to feel a sense of solidarity with the Czechs, who were politically opposed to the Germans. After the Chernova incident in 1907, in which Hungarian authorities clashed with Slovak peasants, Hlinka became known both at home and abroad as a representative of the Slovak national movement. At the end of World War I, he supported the formation of a Czechoslovak state, and on October 30, 1918, he signed the Martin Declaration, which declared Slovakia's unification with the Czech Republic. In November of the same year, he founded the Slovak People's Party and became its leader. However, the central government of the newly established Czechoslovak Republic did not guarantee Slovak autonomy, and Hlinka vehemently opposed its centralism and assimilation policies, demanding autonomy for the Slovak people. After his death, he was revered during the Slovak Republic period from 1939 to 1945, negatively treated during the socialist period after World War II, and has been highly praised again since the collapse of the socialist system in 1989. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
スロバキアの民族主義的政治家。1889年からカトリックの聖職者を務めた。当時スロバキアはハンガリーの支配下にあり,大学におけるスロバキア語の授業や民族的文化団体も廃止され,ハンガリー化が強化されていた。そうした中,スロバキア人にはドイツ人と政治的に対立するチェコ人に対する連帯意識が生じていた。1907年のハンガリー当局とスロバキア農民が衝突したチェルノバー事件を契機に,フリンカはスロバキア民族運動を代表する人物として内外に知られるようになり,第1次大戦末期にはチェコスロバキア国家の形成を支持,1918年10月30日スロバキアがチェコとの統合を宣言した〈マルティン宣言〉に署名した。同年11月スロバキア人民党を結成してその党首となる。しかし新しく成立したチェコスロバキア共和国の中央政府はスロバキアの自治を保証せず,フリンカはその中央集権主義と同化政策に激しく反対し,スロバキア人の自治権を要求した。その死後,1939年−1945年のスロバキア共和国時代には崇拝され,第2次大戦後の社会主義時代には否定的に扱われ,1989年の社会主義体制崩壊後は再び評価が高まっている。
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