Ticket number - Hyogo

A foreign exchange bank in the Qing Dynasty of China. It was also called Biaozhuang or Hui Dui Zhuang. As the distribution economy flourished, transactions of real silver (horseshoe silver) became hindered by the complicated procedures of currency exchange and recoinage, as well as the loss of value, so the use of bills of exchange became more common and the bank started out as a specialized bank that handled these. Foreign exchange had been a familiar method for Chinese merchants since the Tang and Song Dynasties, when they were called flying coins and convenient coins, but Biaozhuang originated in Shanxi Province, where the financial industry had been thriving since ancient times. It began in 1831 when dye merchant Rishenchang purchased goods in Sichuan and Hankou and sold them in Beijing and Tianjin, and then established an independent store called Rishenchang to send remittances.The company quickly established branches all over the country and even expanded overseas, leading the Chinese financial world. However, due to the feudal nature of its organization, it declined with the strengthening of new style banks after the Republic of China.

[Masui Tsuneo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代の為替(かわせ)銀行。票荘、匯兌(かいだ)荘ともいう。流通経済の盛況に伴い、現銀（馬蹄(ばてい)銀）取引は両替、改鋳などの煩雑な手続や目減りが障害となってきたので、為替手形の利用が盛んとなり、これを取り扱う専業として出発した。為替は飛銭、便銭(べんせん)とよばれた唐・宋(そう)時代から中国商人には慣れた手段であったが、票号は古来金融業の盛んな山西省におこった。1831年、染料業の日昇長(じっしょうちょう)が四川(しせん)、漢口で買い付け、北京(ペキン)、天津(てんしん)で販売し、その送金のため日昇昌という店が独立したのに始まり、たちまち全国に支店ができ、外国にも及び、中国金融界をリードしたが、その組織の封建性により、民国となって新式銀行の強化とともに衰退した。

［増井経夫］

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