...However, Soviet filmmakers such as Pudovkin and Eisenstein published the "Manifesto on Talkies" in 1928, emphasizing the potential of new visual art by "using sound as a counterpoint to a piece of visual montage." The British R. Spottiswoode, who wrote "The Grammar of Cinema" at the end of the turbulent period of transition from silent to talkies (1933-34), defined a complete film as consisting of visual and sound elements, said that "the art of cinema has not yet been established," and asserted that staged films are merely an extension of theater and inferior as art. For the exact same reason, French writer A. Malraux wrote in his book "Sketches on the Psychology of Cinema" (1941) that new art was born precisely from "the possibilities of expression that combine images and sound." ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "Grammar of Film" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし,プドフキン,エイゼンシテインらのソビエト映画人は1928年に〈トーキーに関する宣言〉を発表し,〈音を視覚的モンタージュの一片にたいするコントラプンクト(対位法)として使用する〉ことによって新しい視覚芸術の可能性を強調した。サイレントからトーキーへ移る混乱期が終わるころ(1933‐34)に《映画の文法》を書き,完全な映画は視覚的要素と音響要素から構成されると定義したイギリスのR.スポティスウッドは,〈映画芸術はまだ確立されていない〉といい,演出された映画は演劇の延長にすぎず,芸術として劣るものであると断言している。それとまったく同じ理由から,フランスの作家A.マルローは逆に〈映像と音を組み合わせた表現の可能性〉からこそ新しい芸術が生まれた,とその著《映画心理学の素描》(1941)で書いた。… ※「《映画の文法》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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