Adverse Disposition - Furieki Shobun

Japanese: 不利益処分 - ふりえきしょぶん

Under the Administrative Procedure Act (1993), an adverse action is a disposition in which an administrative agency directly imposes obligations on a specific person or restricts their rights based on laws and regulations. Typical examples include the cancellation of licenses and permits, suspension of business, and dismissal of corporate officers. The Act imposes an obligation on administrative agencies to make an effort to set standards for adverse actions as specifically as possible and to make them public, guarantees the provision of opportunities for hearings and defense in adverse action procedures, and requires that reasons must be presented in principle before adverse actions are taken. In the Civil Service Act, adverse actions generally refer to reductions in pay, demotions, suspensions, dismissals, and disciplinary actions against employees.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

行政手続法（1993年）上は，行政庁が，法令に基づき，特定の者を名宛人として直接これに義務を課し，もしくはその権利を制限する処分。典型的には許認可の取消処分，営業停止処分，法人役員解任処分など。同法は，行政庁に対して不利益処分の基準をできる限り具体的に定めこれを公にしておくことを努力義務として課し，また不利益処分の手続における聴聞や弁明の機会の付与を保障し，さらに不利益処分をするには原則として理由を提示しなくてはならないことなど，不利益処分の際に原則として踏襲すべき手続を詳細に法定している。公務員法上は，職員に対する降給・降任・休職・免職・懲戒などを一般に不利益処分という。

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