A British dynasty (1154-1399). Its founder was Henry II (reigned 1154-89), son of Geoffrey of Anjou, Count of Anjou (his mother was Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England). They are also called the House of Angevin (dynastic dynasty), but this name is said to come from their family crest, the broom (Latin name Planta Genista). Henry II had vast territories in France, and extended his royal power by issuing numerous decrees. His son Richard I (reigned 89-99) gained fame for his military service in the war against France and the Third Crusade, but he was often absent from the dynasty, which caused domestic unrest. His younger brother John (reigned 99-1216) lost most of his territory in the war against France, and made many misrules, such as fighting and succumbing to Pope Innocent III. The nobles of England forced the king to recognize the Magna Carta, and the royal power was greatly damaged. His son Henry III (reigned 16-72) also made many misrules, leading to civil wars among the nobles, who opened a parliament to try to limit the royal power. The parliamentary system developed smoothly under his sons Edward I (reigned 72-1307), Edward II (reigned 07-27), and Edward III (reigned 27-77). During Edward III's reign, the Hundred Years' War with France broke out, and his son Edward (the Black Prince) became famous as a warrior, but he died of illness and the throne was passed on to the Black Prince's son Richard II (reigned 77-99). However, their tyranny caused discontent among the nobles, and Henry of Lancaster captured the king, forced him to abdicate, and ascended the throne as Henry IV, bringing an end to the Plantagenet dynasty's rule. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリスの王朝 (1154~1399) 。フランスのアンジュー伯ジョフロアの子ヘンリー2世 (在位 1154~89) が始祖 (母はイングランド王ヘンリー1世の娘マティルダ) 。アンジュー家 (朝) ,アンジュバン家 (朝) とも呼ばれるが,家紋の「エニシダ」 (ラテン名 Planta Genista) にちなんでこの称があるという。ヘンリー2世はフランス内にも広大な領土を有し,また多数の法令を発布して王権を伸張,次いでその子リチャード1世 (在位 89~99) は対フランス戦争,第3次十字軍に参加して武名を揚げたが,不在が多く,国内動揺の因をなした。その弟ジョン (在位 99~1216) は対フランス戦争でフランス内領土の大半を失い,ローマ教皇インノケンチウス3世と争って屈服するなど失政が多く,国内貴族は『マグナ・カルタ』を王に認めさせ,王権は大いに失墜した。その子ヘンリー3世 (在位 16~72) も失政が多く,貴族の内乱を招き,彼らは議会を開いて王権の制限を試みた。議会制度はその子エドワード1世 (在位 72~1307) ,その子エドワード2世 (在位 07~27) ,さらにその子エドワード3世 (在位 27~77) の時代,順調に発展した。またエドワード3世時代には対フランス百年戦争が起り,その子エドワード (黒太子) が武名を揚げたが病死し,王位は黒太子の子リチャード2世 (在位 77~99) に引継がれた。しかし専制のため貴族の不満を招き,ランカスター家のヘンリーが王を捕えて退位させ,みずからヘンリー4世として即位したので,プランタジネット朝の支配は終った。
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