In the second half of the 19th century, the French colony of Indochina was made up of five territories: the Protectorate of Tonkin (Northern Vietnam), the Protectorate of Annamite (Central Vietnam), the Direct Colony of Cochinchina (Southern Vietnam), the Protectorate of Cambodia, and the Protectorate of Laos. This federal system began with the possession of Eastern Cochinchina (1862), and after the protectorates of Cambodia (63), Tonkin, and Annamite (83), it was established in 1887, and was completed in 1893 with the incorporation of Laos (95), which became a protectorate, and continued until 1945. The federation was governed by a Governor-General, who acted as the representative of the administrative power of France and also represented the interests of Indochina as a whole. The local administrative heads of the federation were the Governor of the colony of Cochinchina, and the other protectorates had a Commissioner-General. The Protectorates had a formal administration in parallel with the French administration, but had no real power. In response to this rule, an anti-French struggle for independence was waged, primarily by the Vietnamese people, who had a strong sense of national identity, from the early days of the reign, and in March 1945, Japanese troops seized power from the French, culminating in the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in September of the same year. However, France refused to give up its control over South Vietnam, and after seven and a half years of all-out war, it finally withdrew from the Indochina Peninsula at the Geneva Far East Peace Conference in 1954. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
19世紀後半,トンキン (北部ベトナム) 保護領,アンナン (中部ベトナム) 保護領,コーチシナ (南部ベトナム) 直轄植民地とカンボジア保護領,ラオス保護領の5領をもって構成されたフランスの植民地インドシナ連邦。この連邦制は,東部コーチシナ領有 (1862) に始り,カンボジア (63) ,トンキン,アンナン (83) 諸邦の保護領化を経て,1887年にしかれ,その後,93年に保護領としたラオスなどを編入 (95) して完備され,1945年まで継続された。この連邦は,フランス本国の行政権の代行者であり,またインドシナ全般の利益代表者でもある総督によって統治された。連邦構成各邦の地方行政長官としては,植民地のコーチシナに知事が,その他の各保護領には理事長官がおかれた。保護領にはフランス行政と並行して形式的な土着行政が行われたが,実権はまったくなかった。こうした支配に対しては,すでに統治の初期から,民族意識の高揚していたベトナム民族を中心に反仏独立闘争が続いて展開され,45年3月日本軍によるフランス側からの政権奪取を経て,同年9月にはベトナム民主共和国の独立を迎えるにいたった。しかし,フランスは南ベトナムにおける支配権を放棄しようとせず,7年半にわたる全面戦争の結果,54年のジュネーブ極東平和会議によって,ついにインドシナ半島から撤退した。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
<<: French Guiana - French Guiana (English spelling) Guyane Française
...A type of hydroxy acid (oxycarboxylic acid), i...
〘 noun 〙 A private house where the annex is not re...
…Official name = Republic of UzbekistanOzbekistan...
1. The basic law for running a nation. The Constit...
...In contrast, muscles, bones, blood vessels, fa...
In medieval Western Europe, a professional associ...
…After Symbolism, modern poetry attempted to reco...
An insect of the Lepidoptera, Sphingidae family. W...
The Falange considered the state to be the unity ...
The brainstem (medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain,...
…The time τ from the start of electrolysis to the...
In contrast to classical ballet, modern ballet ref...
A general term for the 15 elements from element 5...
… Kant also incorporated ontology into his philos...
…American literary critic. In his major work, Com...