Cm. Atomic number 96. Electron configuration [Rn] 5f76d17s2 . It is an actinide element in group 3 of the periodic table. It was the third transuranium element discovered, a few months before Am (number 95). It was named after Marie Curie. It was obtained in 1944 by G. T. Seaborg and others in the Manhattan Project for the purpose of building an atomic bomb, by bombarding 239 Pu with 4 He nuclei (a particles) accelerated in a 60 in cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley. 244 Cm is obtained as a beta decay product after successive neutron absorption (in a nuclear reactor) of 242 Pu, and 248 Cm is obtained as an alpha decay product of 252 Cf. The former is commercially available in mg units (cost $100) as the oxide, and the latter in μg units as the nitrate or chloride. Silvery metal. Density 13.5 g cm −3 . Melting point: 1613.2 °C. First ionization energy: 587 kJ mol -1 (6.09 eV). Usual oxidation states: 2-4. In aqueous solution, Cm 3+ is pale yellow. It exists as CmO, Cm 2 O 3 , CmO 2 , CmH 2 , CmCl 3 , and CmF 3. In 1950, it was discovered that the magnetic susceptibility of CmF 3 was the same as that of GdF 3 , confirming its similarity to the lanthanides. There are currently 21 known isotopic nuclides in the range 232-252. The nuclide with mass number 247 has the longest life, with a half-life of 1.56 × 10 7 y. It undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of 162.8 d. 242 Cm generates 3 W of heat per gram, making it suitable for use in thermoelectric elements. [CAS 7440-51-9] Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
Cm.原子番号96の元素.電子配置[Rn]5f 76d17s2の周期表3族アクチノイド元素.95番のAmより数か月先に,3番目に発見された超ウラン元素.キュリー夫妻にちなんで命名された.1944年,原爆製造目的のマンハッタン・プロジェクトで,G.T. Seaborg(シーボーグ)らによってカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の60 inサイクロトロンで加速した 4He 原子核(a粒子)による 239Pu の衝撃で得られた.242Pu の逐次中性子吸収(原子炉中)後のβ崩壊生成物として 244Cm,252Cf のα崩壊生成物として 248Cm が得られ,前者は mg 単位(価格100ドル)の酸化物,後者は μg 単位で硝酸塩または塩化物の形で商業的に入手できる.銀色の金属.密度13.5 g cm-3.融点1613.2 ℃.第一イオン化エネルギー587 kJ mol-1(6.09 eV).通常の酸化数2~4.水溶液中で Cm3+ は淡黄色.CmO,Cm2O3,CmO2,CmH2,CmCl3,CmF3が存在する.CmF3の磁化率がGdF3の磁化率と同じであることが1950年に見いだされ,ランタノイドとの類似性が確認された.現在,知られている同位体核種は,232~252の範囲に21種.質量数247の核種がもっとも長寿命で半減期1.56×107 y.半減期162.8 d でα崩壊する.242Cm は,グラム当たり3 W の熱量を発生するので,熱電素子としての利用が考えられる.[CAS 7440-51-9] 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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