An Islamic theocracy that expanded into northern Nigeria in West Africa and prospered in the 19th century. The Fulbe (Fulani) were a nomadic people living in the upper reaches of the Niger and Senegal rivers, but gradually migrated eastward, settling in Hausaland (home to the Hausa) in northern Nigeria in the 18th century and converting to Islam. Usman Dan Fodio, a devout Islamic leader of the Fulbe who had been active in the Gobil Kingdom in northern Hausaland since the late 18th century, criticized the Islamic faith of King Gobil, united Hausa farmers and Fulbe nomads, declared jihad (holy war), and pacified the entire Hausaland region by the early 19th century. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
19世紀に西アフリカのナイジェリア北部一帯に領域を拡大,繁栄したイスラム神政国家。フルベ族Fulbe(フラニ族Fulani)はニジェール川やセネガル川の上流域で遊牧を営む民族であったが,しだいに東方に移動し,18世紀にはナイジェリア北部のハウサランドHausaland(ハウサ族の居住地)に定着し,イスラムに帰依した。18世紀後半から北部ハウサランドのゴビル王国で活動していたフルベ族の熱心なイスラム指導者ウスマン・ダン・フォディオは,ゴビル王のイスラム信仰を批判し,ハウサ族農民とフルベ族遊牧民とを合体させてジハード(聖戦)を宣言,19世紀初めまでにハウサランド全域を平定した。
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