Change in the midline - Shochu no hen

A coup in which Emperor Godaigo attempted to overthrow the Kamakura Shogunate in 1324 (Shochu 1), but failed. Since ascending to the throne in 1318 (Bunpo 2), the Emperor had been passionate about politics, and in 1321 (Genryo 1), he achieved direct rule. In an attempt to eliminate the Shogunate's interference in the succession to the throne, he secretly plotted with his close aides, Councillor Hino Suketomo and Kurodo no Toshimoto Hino, Chief Chamberlain, to overthrow the Shogunate. In 1323, Suketomo secretly went to the eastern provinces, and Toshimoto also went to the southern provinces, claiming to be recuperating from an illness, and worked to rally his comrades together. At the time, the Kamakura Shogunate was struggling with internal conflicts, there was internal strife within the Hojo clan, and ordinary vassals were dissatisfied with the autocratic rule, so they probably decided that this was an opportune time. However, in September 1824, soldiers from Rokuhara, who had received information through an informant, raided the Kyoto lodgings of Tajimi Kuninaga and Toki Yorisada (Yorikane), samurai from Mino Province (Gifu Prefecture), who were preparing to rise up in rebellion, and killed them. They then arrested Suketomo, Toshiki, and others as the central figures in the conspiracy, and escorted them to Kamakura for rigorous interrogation. Meanwhile, the Emperor dispatched his senior vassal, Nobufusa MARINOKOJI, to Kamakura to plead with the regent, Takatoki HOJO, that he had no involvement, and since Suketomo took sole responsibility for the crime, the shogunate did not pursue the matter further, and Toshiki was pardoned and returned to Kyoto. Thus, the first plot to overthrow the shogunate was discovered in advance and failed, but this eventually led to the second uprising, the Genkō Incident.

[Katsuo Gomi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1324年（正中1）に後醍醐(ごだいご)天皇が鎌倉幕府の討滅を策し失敗した政変。1318年（文保2）の即位以来、政治に意欲を燃やし、21年（元亮1）に親政を実現した天皇は、幕府の皇位相続への干渉を絶とうとし、側近の参議日野資朝(ひのすけとも)、蔵人頭(くろうどのとう)日野俊基(としもと)らと謀り、ひそかに幕府を倒す謀議を重ねた。23年資朝はひそかに東国へ、俊基も病気療養のためと称して南畿(なんき)方面に下向し、同志の糾合に努めた。当時鎌倉幕府は内政の矛盾に苦しみ、北条(ほうじょう)氏の内訌(ないこう)もあり、その専制政治に一般御家人(ごけにん)も不満を抱いていたから、好機到来と判断したのであろう。しかし24年9月、密告によって情報をつかんだ六波羅(ろくはら)の兵は、挙兵準備中の美濃(みの)国（岐阜県）の武士多治見国長(たじみくになが)、土岐頼貞(ときよりさだ)（頼兼(よりかね)）の京都の宿所を急襲し攻殺した。ついで資朝、俊基らを謀議の中心人物として逮捕し、鎌倉に護送して厳重に取り調べた。一方、天皇は老臣万里小路宣房(までのこうじのぶふさ)を鎌倉に急派し、得宗(とくそう)北条高時(たかとき)に、関与していない旨を陳弁し、資朝も自己一身に責任を負ったので、幕府も深く追及せず、俊基も許されて京都に帰った。このように第1回目の倒幕計画は事前に発覚、失敗したが、これがやがて第2回目の挙兵、元弘(げんこう)の変につながっていくのである。

［五味克夫］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例