A city in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. It is called Freiburg im Breisgau to distinguish it from other cities of the same name, such as Freiburg an der Elbe in Lower Saxony and Fribourg in Switzerland. It has a population of 205,100 (as of 2000). It is located at an altitude of 278 meters on the alluvial fan of the Dreisam River, a tributary of the Rhine, at the western foot of the Black Forest. It is a commercial and administrative center, but also has industries such as wood processing, furniture, chemical fibers, electrical appliances, and dairy products, and after World War II, the city expanded significantly westward into the Rhine lowlands. Wine made from grapes grown on the slopes of the Kaiserstuhl volcano (557 meters) in the western suburbs is also traded. It is also a university town with a comprehensive university, a music university, a teacher's university, and a plastic arts university. Furthermore, Münster Church, with its late Gothic spire, has been the seat of the archbishopric of the Upper Rhine since 1827, making it a religious city. It is the base for tourism in the Black Forest. Freiburg is also known as the "environmental city" of Freiburg, as it places great emphasis on environmental administration. It is also known for starting the "environmental commuter pass" system in the late 1980s. This system was established to promote the use of public transportation for the purpose of environmental conservation, and offers services such as allowing one adult and up to four children to accompany the commuter pass holder on Sundays and holidays for free. It has also been introduced in Japan since the late 1990s in Tokyo, Kanagawa and other prefectures. It originated as a free city (planned city) founded by Duke Conrad of the Zähringer dynasty in 1120, and became the County of Harlach in 1218. However, since 1368, and especially from 1638 to 1806, it was under the control of the Habsburgs and served as a base for their Western policy. [Hiroshi Sasaki and Makio Shindo] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ南西部、バーデン・ウュルテンベルク州の都市。ニーダーザクセン州のフライブルク・アン・デア・エルベ、スイスのフリブールなど他の同名の都市と区別して、フライブルク・イム・ブライスガウという。人口20万5100(2000)。シュワルツワルト山地の西麓(せいろく)、ライン川支流ドライザーム川の扇状地上の標高278メートルに位置する。商業と地方行政の中心都市であるが、木材加工、家具、化学繊維、電気器具、酪製品などの工業も立地し、第二次世界大戦後は西方のライン低地への市街地拡大が著しい。西郊のカイザーシュトゥール火山(557メートル)斜面で栽培されるブドウを原料とするワインの取引も行われる。総合大学をはじめ、音楽大学、教育大学、造形芸術大学を有する大学都市でもある。また、後期ゴシック様式の尖塔(せんとう)をもつミュンスター教会には、1827年以来、上ライン地方の大司教座が置かれ、宗教都市ともなっている。シュワルツワルト山地観光の基点をなす。環境行政に力を入れており、「環境都市フライブルク」の別名がある。1980年代後半、環境定期券という制度を始めたことでも知られている。これは環境保全を目的に公共交通機関の利用を促進するために、日曜日や祭日に定期券を使用すると本人以外に大人1人と子供4人まで無料で同行できるなどのサービスが受けられるというもの。日本でも90年代後半から東京、神奈川などで導入されている。 1120年ツェーリンガー家コンラート公による自由な建設都市(計画都市)を起源とし、1218年ハルラッハ伯領となるが、1368年以来、とくに1638年から1806年まではハプスブルク家の支配下にあって、その西方政策の拠点としての役割を果たした。 [佐々木博・進藤牧郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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