A fly is a fly, but in fishing it is an artificial hook made by wrapping a bird's feather around a fishing hook, and fly fishing is the act of catching fish with this. In Japan, the "Fishing Secrets: Kasenroku" written in the Kyoho era (1716-1736) introduces a mosquito hook for catching sweetfish, which is also a type of fly. The artificial hook used in tenkara fishing for catching mountain stream fish such as yamame trout and iwana is also the same. However, the fishing method called fly fishing, which was introduced to Japan from the West, is very different in that it uses a rod and reel and casts the fly quite far to catch fish. The target fish for fly fishing are quite wide-ranging, including rainbow trout, char, yamame salmon, and brown trout, as well as saltwater fish such as Japanese Spanish mackerel, dolphin fish, bonito, sea bass, and mackerel, all of which are highly migratory. However, it can also be said that salmonids in freshwater areas and blue-backed fish in saltwater areas are best suited for this type of fishing. Flies can be broadly divided into dry flies, which float on the water surface, and wet flies, which sink. There are flies made with special hooks and mainly made from the feathers of various birds to resemble aquatic insects and adult insects that fish like, and flies made by searching for things that fish are likely to like, called fancy flies, and each pattern has a name. To cast this very light fly at the spot where the fish are, you need a special fly rod, a fly reel, and a special line. The rod and line need to be balanced, so once you have decided on the line for the target fish, you should choose a rod with the appropriate label. If you ignore this, you will not be able to cast the fly farther. There are line numbers according to the standards of the American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers Association (AFTMA), so if you choose a line based on this, you can choose a rod with the same AFTMA number. However, you should not forget to consider the balance between the size of the fly. There are various types of fly lines, such as level lines (L), which are uniform in thickness from tip to tip, double taper lines (DT), which are uniform in the center and gradually thin at both ends, and weight forward lines (WF), whose weight is concentrated at the tip, but DT is the most commonly used. If you do not ignore the balance between the weight of the rod and line, and learn basic casting, you will be able to cast a light fly into the spot as you wish, and the fish you are aiming for will hit the fly. Along with lure fishing, it is a highly sporty form of fishing. [Toshio Matsuda] "The Complete Fly Fishing Book" by Kazuhiro Ashizawa (1983, Yama-to-Keikoku-sha)" "Naturalist Books 2: Fly Fishing" by E. Gray, translated by Koichi Saionji (1985, TBS Britannica)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フライは蠅(はえ)のことだが、釣りでは釣り鉤(ばり)に鳥の羽などを巻いた擬似(ぎじ)鉤のことで、これで魚を釣るのがフライフィッシング。日本では享保(きょうほう)年間(1716~36)の『釣魚(ちょうぎょ)秘伝・何羨録(かせんろく)』にアユを釣る蚊鉤(かばり)が紹介されているが、これもフライの一種。またヤマメ、イワナの渓流魚を釣るテンカラ釣りの擬似鉤も同じ。しかし、欧米から日本に入ってきたフライフィッシングとよぶ釣り方は、竿(さお)とリールを使い、フライをかなり遠くまでキャストして釣る点に大きな違いがある。 フライフィッシングに向く対象魚は、ニジマス、イワナ、ヤマメ、ブラウントラウトなど、海水魚ではイナダ、シイラ、カツオ、スズキ、サバなど回遊性の強い魚を中心にかなり広い範囲に及ぶ。もっともこの釣りに向いているのは淡水域ならサケ科の魚、海水域なら背の青い魚ということもできる。フライは、水面に浮くドライ・フライと、沈むウェット・フライに大別できる。専用の鉤に、いろいろな鳥の羽を主体にして、魚の好む水生昆虫や成虫に似せたフライ(イミテーション・フライ)や、魚が好みそうなものを模索しながらつくったフライ(ファンシー・フライ)があり、それぞれのパターンに名前がつけられている。 このごく軽いフライを魚のいるポイントに投入するには、専用のフライ・ロッド(竿(さお))と、フライ・リール、そして専用のラインを使う。ロッドとラインはバランスが必要で、対象魚に応じたラインを決めたら、それに適合した表示のあるロッドを選ぶのが決まりである。これを無視すると飛距離も伸びない。米国釣具製造組合(略称AFTMA)の規格によるライン番号があり、これでラインを選んだら、ロッドも同じAFTMAによる同じ番号のものを選べばいいわけである。ただ、このときフライの大小とのバランスも当然忘れてはならない。フライ・ラインには、先端から末端まで均一の太さのレベル・ライン(表示L)、中心部が均一で両端が先端に向かい徐々に細くなるダブル・テーパーライン(同DT)、重さが先端部に集中しているウェイト・フォワード・ライン(同WF)などがあるが、よく使われるのはDTである。ロッドとラインの重量などのバランスを無視せず、基本的なキャスティングを身につければ、軽いフライも思うがままにポイントに入り、ねらった魚がフライにヒットする。ルアーフィッシングとともに、スポーツ性の非常に高い釣りである。 [松田年雄] 『芦沢一洋著『フライフィッシング全書』(1983・山と渓谷社)』▽『E・グレイ著、西園寺公一訳『ナチュラリスト・ブックス2 フライ・フィッシング』(1985・TBSブリタニカ)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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