Hohhot - Huhhot

Japanese: フフホト - ふふほと

A prefecture-level city in the central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and the capital of the region. The city's name means "Blue City" in Mongolian. Its abbreviation is Hushi. It is located at the northeastern end of the Tumchun Plain, facing the Dahei River, a tributary of the Yellow River, to the south, and running along the Jingbao Line (Beijing-Baotou). It has jurisdiction over four city districts, namely Yuquan, Xincheng, Huimin District, and Saihan District, four counties including Togut, and Tumdo Left Banner (county-level administrative district) (as of 2017). It has a population of 2,385,800, and a city district population of 1,301,000 (2015). It is the political, cultural, and transportation center of the autonomous region.

The average elevation is high at 1,050 meters, and the average annual temperature is 3.5 to 8 degrees Celsius. There is a large difference in temperature between day and night, and the weather changes drastically in spring and autumn. Summer is short, and winter is bitterly cold for a long time. Annual precipitation is low at 335 to 534 mm. The city has a sister city relationship with Okazaki City.

[Michihiro Kono, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018]

history

The current city is a twin city consisting of Guihua City, built in the Ming Dynasty, and Suiyuan City, built in the Qing Dynasty, and in 1913, the two were merged to form Guisui County. When Suiyuan Province was established in 1928, Guihua County became the provincial capital and was incorporated as a city. In 1952, it became the capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and in 1954, it was renamed Hohhot.

[Michihiro Kono January 19, 2018]

Industry and Transportation

It used to be a distribution center for agricultural and livestock products with only small factories for flour milling and clothing, but after the founding of the People's Republic of China, modern factories for woolen textiles, machinery, steel, chemicals, leather, livestock processing, sugar, dairy products, building materials, and more were built, and the urban area expanded significantly. The woolen textile industry in particular is famous throughout the country. It is also one of the country's leading dairy product producers, and two major dairy product manufacturers, Mengniu Dairy and Yili Group, are based in the city. Since the 2000s, the electronics and information industry and biopharmaceuticals have grown significantly.

In addition to the Jingbao Line, the Jinglan Line (Beijing-Lanzhou), and the Jining Line 2 (Jining-Erenhot), there are also international trains to Ulaanbaatar. Hohhot Baita International Airport is located near the city.

[Michihiro Kono, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018]

Culture and Tourism

Inner Mongolia University and other universities and research institutes have been built here. Historical sites include the Dayao Village ruins, a Paleolithic stone tool production site, Dazao Temple, the Five Pagoda Temple (famous for the Vajra Seat Relic Pagoda and the Mongolian language stone carving of astronomical charts), and the tomb of Wang Zhaojun.

[Michihiro Kono January 19, 2018]

[Reference items] | Inner Mongolia (autonomous region) | Wang Zhaojun

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、内モンゴル自治区中部の地級市で、同自治区の首府。市の名称はモンゴル語で「青い都市」の意味である。略称は呼市。トゥムチョン平原の北東端に位置し、黄河(こうが)の支流の大黒河を南に臨み、京包線（北京(ペキン)―パオトウ）に沿う。玉泉(ぎょくせん)、新城(しんじょう)、回民区と賽罕(サイハン)区の4市轄区、トグトなど4県、トゥムド左旗（県級行政区）を管轄下に置く（2017年時点）。人口238万5800、市轄区人口130万1000（2015）。自治区の政治、文化、交通の中心である。

　平均標高が1050メートルと高く、年平均気温は3.5～8℃。昼夜の温度差が大きく、春と秋は天候の変化が激しい。夏は短く、冬は厳しい寒さが長く続く。年降水量は335～534ミリメートルと少ない。岡崎市と姉妹都市提携を締結している。

［河野通博・編集部　2018年1月19日］

歴史

現在の市街は、明(みん)代に建設された帰化(きか)城と清(しん)代につくられた綏遠(すいえん)城とからなる双子都市で、1913年、両者を合併して帰綏県が設けられた。1928年、綏遠省が設置されると省都となり市制を施行した。1952年内モンゴル自治区の首府となり、1954年フフホトと改称した。

［河野通博　2018年1月19日］

産業・交通

かつては製粉、被服などの小工場があるにすぎない農畜産物の集散地であったが、中華人民共和国成立後、毛織物、機械、製鋼、化学、皮革、畜産加工、製糖、乳製品、建築材料などの近代工場が建設され、市街地も著しく拡大された。とくに毛織物工業は全国的に有名である。また、国内有数の乳製品の産地で、蒙牛乳業、伊利集団という二大乳製品メーカーが本市に本拠を構えている。2000年代以降は電子情報産業、バイオ医薬品の成長が著しい。

　京包線、京蘭線（北京―蘭州(らんしゅう)）、集二線（集寧(しゅうねい)―エレンホト）が通じるほか、ウランバートル行きの国際列車も走る。市街近郊にフフホト白塔国際空港がある。

［河野通博・編集部　2018年1月19日］