A Jewish thinker born in Vienna. After being a professor emeritus at the University of Frankfurt, he became a professor at the University of Jerusalem in 1938. He was influenced by medieval German mysticism and contributed to the revival of Hasidic mysticism, which spread among the Jews of Eastern Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and translated the Hebrew Bible into German. As a religious and cultural Zionist, he worked for the coexistence of the Jewish and Arab peoples. The basis of his thought is the idea of dialogue. According to him, there are two types of attitudes or relationships that humans can have: I-thou and I-it. The latter is a relationship of objectification and utilization, such as between humans and things, or between subject and object, while the former is a reciprocal relationship between personality and personality, or between subject and subject, and in this encounter or dialogue, humans appear as true personalities. Furthermore, this dialogical relationship is found between humans and God as the eternal Thou, and thus a perfect I-thou relationship is realized by directly connecting with God. His books include "I and Thou" (1923). [Yoshimitsu Senda April 18, 2018] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ウィーン生まれのユダヤ人思想家。フランクフルト大学名誉教授を経て、1938年以後エルサレム大学教授。中世ドイツ神秘主義思想の影響を受けるとともに、18、19世紀に東ヨーロッパのユダヤ人に広まったハシディズムの神秘思想の復興に尽くし、またヘブライ語聖書のドイツ語訳を行った。宗教的、文化的シオニストととして、ユダヤ・アラブ両民族の共存に努めた。彼の思想の根本は対話の思想にある。彼によると、人間がとりうる態度ないし関係には、我=汝(なんじ)の関係と我=それの関係があり、後者は人間と物、主体と客体のような対象化と利用の関係であるが、前者は人格と人格、主体と主体の相互的関係であり、この出会いないし対話において人間は真の人格として現れる。さらにこの対話的関係は人間と永遠の汝としての神との間にみいだされ、こうして完全な我=汝の関係は直接に神と結び付くことによって実現されるとした。著書『我と汝』(1923)など。 [千田義光 2018年4月18日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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