Umbrella seal - Umbrella seal

Japanese: 笠印 - かさじるし

Also written as kasajirushi, kasaken, kasafu, kasaji, and kasachu. A seal or mark worn by each person in wartime to distinguish friend from foe. It is said to be called kasajirushi because it is a mark inserted into the helmet (often attached to the ring or front of the helmet at the back of the helmet bowl), but the etymology is unclear. The term kasajirushi refers to any mark for identification, whether it be a sleeve mark attached to the sleeve of armor or a koshizashi attached to the waist. In the ancient Azuma Kagami, an entry for July 8, 1189 (Bunji 5), states that Shimokawabe Yukihira attached a kasajirushi on the back of the helmet of the armor he presented to Minamoto no Yoritomo, claiming it was the custom of his ancestor Fujiwara no Hidesato, and it was questioned whether it was unusual to attach it to the sleeve.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

笠標，笠験，笠符，笠璽，笠注とも書く。戦時，敵･味方識別のために，各自がつけた合印，目印。笠(兜の鉢の後ろの鐶（かん）や前立てにつけることが多い)に挿頭した目印であるので，かさじるしと呼ぶとされるが，語源は明確ではない。鎧の袖につけた袖印も，腰につけた腰差しも，おしなべて識別のための目印を笠印と称する。古くは《吾妻鏡》文治5年(1189)7月8日の条に，下河辺行平が先祖藤原秀郷の故実と称して，源頼朝に調進した甲冑の兜の後ろに笠標の簡をつけており，袖につけるのが尋常ではないのかとの疑問を持たれている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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