It is the day to commemorate and celebrate the resurrection of Christ, and is the oldest holiday in the church calendar. In modern Greek, Easter is called Pascha, which comes from the Hebrew word for the Jewish Passover. According to the Bible, the resurrection of Christ occurred at exactly this time, so this old name was inherited to give it the new meaning of resurrection. However, in England and America, Easter is called Easter, and in Germany, Ostern, which are said to be derived from Eoster, the Germanic goddess of light and spring. In other words, the Jewish Passover gained a new meaning during the Christian era and became a festival commemorating the death and resurrection of Christ, and later, when Christianity was introduced to the Germanic people, it merged with the pagan vernal equinox festival to become the modern Easter. It was around the 2nd century that this holiday began to be observed in Christian countries, and there has been much debate about its date since then. In the Eastern Church, it was celebrated on the day of the Jewish Passover, that is, the 14th (the night of the full moon) of the month of Nisan (March or April in the solar calendar). In the Western Church, emphasizing the Sunday on which Christ was resurrected, it was celebrated on the Sunday around Passover, that is, the Sunday following the full moon after the vernal equinox. At the First Council of Nicaea in 325, it was decided that Easter should be held on a Sunday. The custom of giving beautifully colored eggs as gifts at Easter seems to have been practiced in various countries for quite some time. [Makoto Noguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
キリストの復活を記念し祝う日で、教会暦のなかでもっとも古い祝日である。現代ギリシア語では復活祭はパスカpaschaといわれ、この語はユダヤ人の過越祭(すぎこしのまつり)をさすヘブライ語からきている。聖書によれば、ちょうどこの時期にキリストの復活がおこったとされているので、その復活という新しい意味を込めて、この古い呼称がそのまま受け継がれたのである。ところが、イギリス、アメリカでは復活祭はイースターEaster、ドイツではオースターンOsternとよばれ、これらはゲルマン民族の光と春の女神エオスターEosterから派生しているとされる。つまり、ユダヤ教の過越祭がキリスト教時代に新しい意味を得て、キリストの死と復活とを記念する祭りになり、のちにキリスト教がゲルマン民族に伝えられると、異教の春分祭と融合して現在の復活祭となったのである。 これが祭日としてキリスト教国で守られるようになったのは2世紀ごろからで、その日取りについては2世紀以降、多くの論争があった。東方教会ではユダヤ人の過越祭の日、すなわちニサンの月(太陽暦の3、4月)の14日(満月の夜)とされた。西方教会ではキリストの復活した日曜日を重視して、過越祭のころの日曜日、すなわち春分後の満月の次にくる日曜日に祝われた。325年の第1回ニカイア公会議で復活祭は日曜日に行うことが決定された。イースターに美しく彩色された卵を贈り物とする風習はかなり古くから各国で行われていたようである。 [野口 誠] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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