Ordinary banks and special banks

Japanese: 普通銀行・特殊銀行 - ふつうぎんこうとくしゅぎんこう
Ordinary banks and special banks
When national banks existed, ordinary banks were private banks, and after national banks were converted to ordinary banks, general banks were called ordinary banks in contrast to special banks. "Ordinary banks" is an idiomatic term, and it became a common term after World War I, when the Ministry of Finance was reorganized in April 1916 and the Banking Bureau was made independent, and at that time an ordinary banking department was established along with a special banking department and a savings banking department. Today, ordinary banks generally refer to banks under the Banking Act. Special banks were established based on special laws, and the Industrial Bank of Japan (with the Agriculture and Industry Bank in prefectures) began operations in August 1897 as the core of agricultural finance, the Hokkaido Takushoku Bank in April 1900, and the Industrial Bank of Japan in April 1902 as the core of industrial finance.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
普通銀行とは国立銀行の存在していた時代には私立銀行をいい,国立銀行が普通銀行に転換した後は特殊銀行に対して一般の銀行を普通銀行と称した。〈普通銀行〉は慣用語で,一般的な用語となったのは第1次大戦後で,1916年4月大蔵省の組織が改正され,銀行局が独立し,その際,特別銀行課,貯蓄銀行課とともに普通銀行課が設置されたからである。今日,普通銀行とは一般に〈銀行法〉による銀行をいう。特殊銀行は特別法にもとづいて設立され,1897年8月農業金融の中核として日本勧業銀行(府県には農工銀行)が,1900年4月北海道拓殖銀行が,02年4月工業金融の中核として日本興業銀行が営業を開始した。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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