Shu Ikki

The leader of the largest peasant revolt during the Kangxi period in China's Qing Dynasty. A native of Changtai County, Fujian Province, he migrated to Taiwan and made a living raising ducks in Fengshan County. He was good at socializing and was well-liked. Taiwan was annexed by the Qing Dynasty in 1683 after the rule of the Koxinga clan, but from the beginning it suffered from heavy taxes, more than twice those of the mainland. In the spring of 1721, Taiwan Governor Wang Zhen imposed heavy taxes and arrested several hundred people involved in secret societies and forest theft, which triggered a peasant uprising. He was nominated as leader, and called himself a descendant of the Ming Dynasty. After occupying the entire island, he called himself King of the Restoration and established the Yonghe Dynasty. However, soon after, the Qing Dynasty counterattacked from the mainland, divisions arose within the peasant army, the peasant government collapsed, and he was sent to Beijing and executed. He is famous as a pioneer of the anti-Qing struggle in Taiwan.

[Shozo Yasuno]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代、康煕(こうき)年間最大の農民反乱の首領。福建省長泰県の人。台湾へ移住し、鳳山(ほうざん)県で養鴨(おう)を生業とした。社交にたけ、人望があった。台湾は鄭成功(ていせいこう)一族の統治のすえ1683年清朝に併合されたが、当初より内地の2倍以上の酷税に苦しんだ。1721年春、台湾知府の王珍が重税を徴収し、同時に秘密結社と山林盗伐の百数十名を逮捕したのを契機に農民が蜂起(ほうき)した。彼は首領に推され、明(みん)朝の末裔(まつえい)と名のり、全島を占領するや中興王と称し、永和と建元した。しかし、ほどなく大陸から清が反攻し、農民軍内部にも分裂が起こり、農民政権は瓦解(がかい)し、彼は北京(ペキン)へ送られて処刑された。台湾の反清闘争の先駆として名高い。

［安野省三］

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