A unit of noise level. Following the revision of the Measurement Act in 1993, the decibel (dB) is now used. The old Measurement Act defined standard sound waves (sine sound waves of 1000 Hz) as being noise levels expressed on a common logarithmic scale, with 0 phons when the effective sound pressure (the square root of the average of the squares of the difference between the instantaneous pressure and the static pressure in the atmosphere) is 2/100,000 Newtons per square meter, and stated that noise levels of sound waves other than standard sound waves would be determined by an ordinance of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (currently the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry). Noise experienced in daily life is a mixture of various frequency components ranging from a few kilohertz to a dozen kilohertz. The human ear is sensitive to frequency components of about 2 to 4 kilohertz, and sensitivity drops sharply at frequencies above 100 kilohertz. Sound level meters incorporating a hearing correction circuit for sound pressure level have been developed as instruments to approximate the loudness of noise to a sensory amount, and international standards and JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) have been established for this purpose. The sound pressure level phon has been removed from the legal measurement units. This "phon" is often confused with the sensory unit of volume "phon" (both spelled phon), but the two are different units. For more information on "phon," please refer to the chapter "Hearing and loudness" in the "Sound" entry. [Koizumi Kesakatsu and Imai Hidetaka] [Reference] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
騒音レベルの単位。1993年(平成5)の計量法の改正により、現在ではデシベルdecibel(dB)が使用されている。旧計量法では「標準音波(1000ヘルツの正弦音波をいう)については、音圧実効値(大気中における圧力の瞬時値と静圧との差の2乗の一周期平均の平方根の値をいう)が10万分の2ニュートン毎平方メートルである場合を0ホンとする常用対数尺度で表される騒音レベルをいう」と定義し、標準音波以外の音波の騒音レベルは通商産業省(現、経済産業省)令で定めるとしていた。 日常経験される騒音は数キロヘルツから十数キロヘルツの雑多な周波数成分の混じるものである。人間の耳は2ないし4キロヘルツ程度の周波数成分に敏感で、また100キロヘルツ以上になると急に感度が鈍くなる。そこで、騒音の大きさを感覚量に近似させる計器として、音圧レベルに聴感補正回路を組み込んだ騒音計がつくられ、国際規格もJIS(ジス)(日本工業規格)も設けられている。音圧レベルのホンは法定計量単位から削除されている。なおこの「ホン」と感覚的な音量の単位「フォン」(スペルは両方phon)は混同されやすいが、両者は異なる単位である。「フォン」の詳細については項目「音」の「聴覚と音の大きさ」の章を参照されたい。 [小泉袈裟勝・今井秀孝] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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