Universal suffrage

Japanese: 普通選挙 - ふつうせんきょ（英語表記）universal suffrage

An electoral system that grants the right to vote and the right to be elected to all adults of nationality, regardless of status, property, tax payment, educational background, gender, ethnicity, etc. It is implemented in many countries today. Historically, the right to vote gradually expanded from the privileged classes to all adults. In Japan, limited elections were held in 1890 based on the House of Representatives Election Law, which granted the right to vote based on the amount of tax paid, but in 1925, the House of Representatives Election Law (General Election Law) was amended to grant the right to vote to all men over the age of 25. In the early Showa period, the movement for women's suffrage grew, but it was not until the House of Representatives Election Law was amended in 1945 after World War II that men and women were given equal suffrage. At the same time, the voting age was lowered to 20. Article 15 of the Constitution of Japan, promulgated in 1946, guarantees the implementation of general suffrage by adults. In 1950, the Public Offices Election Act was enacted to replace the House of Representatives Election Act and the House of Councillors Election Act, and today, universal suffrage is carried out based on this act. In recent years, the number of countries that have set the voting age at 18 has increased, and in 2015, Japan also enacted a revised Public Offices Election Act that gives the right to vote to those aged 18 and over. (→ Elections)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

身分，財産，納税額，学歴，性別，民族などにかかわらず，国籍を有する成年全員の選挙権，被選挙権を認める選挙制度。今日多くの国において実施されている。歴史的に，選挙権は特権階級から成年者全体へと漸進的に拡大していった。日本では 1890年から衆議院議員選挙法に基づき納税額によって選挙権を認める制限選挙が行なわれていたが，1925年改正衆議院議員選挙法（普通選挙法）が成立し，満 25歳以上の男子全員に選挙権が与えられた。昭和初期に女性参政権を求める運動が高まったが，男女が平等に参政権を得たのは，第2次世界大戦後の 1945年衆議院議員選挙法の改正によってであった。同時に選挙権年齢も 20歳に引き下げられた。1946年に公布された日本国憲法15条は，成年者による普通選挙の実施を保障している。1950年衆議院議員選挙法と参議院議員選挙法に代わって公職選挙法が成立し，今日では同法に基づいて普通選挙が実施される。近年は選挙権年齢を 18歳とする国が増えており，日本でも 2015年，18歳以上に選挙権を与える改正公職選挙法が成立した。（→選挙）

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