Johannes Wislicenus

Japanese: ウィスリツェヌス - うぃすりつぇぬす(英語表記)Johannes Wislicenus
Johannes Wislicenus

German organic chemist and pioneer of stereochemical research. As his father was a liberal thinker, after the March Revolution, his family fled Germany while he was enrolled at the University of Halle in 1853, and emigrated to America. He became an assistant professor at Harvard University, and opened a chemical analysis laboratory in New York in 1855. As the political climate in Europe changed, he returned to Europe in 1856 and continued his research at the University of Halle. After serving as a professor at the Zurich Polytechnic in 1867 and the University of Würzburg in 1872, he became a professor at the University of Leipzig in 1885, succeeding Kolbe.

He began to study lactic acid during his time in Zurich, and in 1869 he claimed that while some lactic acids have the same chemical formula, some are optically active and some are not, because the spatial arrangement of the atomic groups is different. This was a groundbreaking idea that broke the framework of classical chemical structure theory. In 1873, he named isomers that have the same chemical structure but different geometric arrangements as geometric isomers. The following year, in 1874, van 't Hoff of the Netherlands used this idea as a springboard to publish a famous paper that would become the foundation of stereochemistry. While the academic world, including such masters as Kekule and Kolbe, showed a cold reaction to this paper, van 't Hoff praised it and translated it into German for publication. He achieved great success both as a synthetic chemist and as an educator.

[Fujita Chie]

[References] | van't Hoff | Stereochemistry

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの有機化学者、立体化学の研究の先駆者。父親が自由思想の持ち主であったため、三月革命後、1853年ハレ大学在籍中に家族でドイツを追われ、アメリカに移住した。ハーバード大学の助手となり、1855年ニューヨークに化学分析所を開いた。ヨーロッパの政治の風向きが変わったため1856年に帰欧し、ハレ大学で研究を続けた。1867年チューリヒ工科大学教授、1872年ウュルツブルク大学教授を歴任ののち、1885年にコルベの後任としてライプツィヒ大学教授となる。

 チューリヒ時代から乳酸の研究に取り組み始め、1869年、同じ化学式をもちながら、光学活性を示す乳酸と示さないものとがあるのは、その原子グループの空間的配置が異なるためであると主張した。これはそれまでの古典的な化学構造論の枠を破る画期的発想であった。1873年、化学構造は同じでも幾何学的配置の異なる異性体を、幾何異性体と命名した。翌1874年、オランダのファント・ホッフが、この着想を足掛りに、立体化学の基礎となる有名な論文を発表すると、ケクレやコルベなどの大家をはじめ学界が冷たい反応を示すなかで、彼はこの論文を称賛し、ドイツ語に翻訳して紹介した。合成化学者としても教育者としても優れた業績を残した。

[藤田千枝]

[参照項目] | ファント・ホッフ | 立体化学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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