butadiene

Japanese: ブタジエン
butadiene

C 4 H 6 (54.09). CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2 . There are two isomers, 1,3-butadiene and 1,2-butadiene, depending on the position of the double bond, but the former is much more important industrially, so when we say butadiene, we are referring to 1,3-butadiene. It exists in the cracked gas of petroleum hydrocarbons. Traditionally, it was produced by dehydrogenating n -butane and n -butenes, and this is still done in the United States, but in Japan, ethene is produced on a large scale by naphtha cracking, and the method of separating and purifying it by extractive distillation from the by-product BB fraction has been completely replaced. Its structure is the simplest olefin with conjugated double bonds. The interatomic distances C=C 0.137 nm and CC 0.147 nm, respectively, are longer than that of ethene, and CC is shorter than that of butane. This is one argument for the resonance state of butadiene. In addition, due to the intramolecular rotation of the C-C bond, cis and trans structures are possible, with the latter being approximately 17 kJ mol -1 more stable. A colorless, flammable gas with a weak aromatic odor that is easily liquefied. Melting point -108.92 °C, boiling point -4.41 °C. Explosive range 2.0-11.5 vol.%. Soluble in ethanol and ether, insoluble in water. Due to the conjugated double bonds, it is highly chemically reactive, and has a particularly high polymerization activity, so the addition of polymerization inhibitors and antioxidants is necessary during storage. It is an important petrochemical raw material. It is mainly used as a raw material for synthetic rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), and butadiene rubber, and resins such as ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin). It is also used as a raw material for the synthesis of chloroprene, adiponitrile, 1,4-butanediol, etc. [CAS 106-99-0]

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

C4H6(54.09).CH2=CH-CH=CH2.二重結合の位置により,1,3-ブタジエンと1,2-ブタジエンの2種類の異性体が存在するが,工業的には前者のほうがはるかに重要なので,単にブタジエンという場合は,1,3-ブタジエンをさす.石油系炭化水素の分解ガス中に存在する.従来,n-ブタンおよびn-ブテン類の脱水素により製造されており,アメリカでは現在でも行われているが,わが国ではナフサ分解によるエテンの生産が大規模に行われ,そこで副生するB-B留分より抽出蒸留で分離精製する方法に完全に転換されている.構造は,共役二重結合を有するもっとも簡単なオレフィンである.原子間距離C=C 0.137 nm,C-C 0.147 nm と二重結合間隔はエテンの場合より長く,C-Cはブタンの場合より短い.このことはブタジエンの共鳴状態に対する一つの論拠となっている.また,C-C結合における分子内回転より,シス形構造とトランス形構造が考えられ,後者のほうが約17 kJ mol-1 安定である.弱い芳香性を有する引火性の液化しやすい無色の気体.融点-108.92 ℃,沸点-4.41 ℃.爆発範囲2.0~11.5体積%.エタノール,エーテルに可溶,水に不溶.共役した二重結合をもつために化学反応性は高く,とくに重合活性が高いため,貯蔵には重合防止剤および酸化防止剤の添加が必要である.石油化学の重要な原料の一つである.おもにスチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR),アクリロニトリル-ブタジエンゴム(NBR),ブタジエンゴムなどの合成ゴム,ABS樹脂(アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合樹脂)などの樹脂の原料となる.ほかにクロロプレン,アジポニトリル,1,4-ブタンジオールなどの合成原料としても用いられる.[CAS 106-99-0]

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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