In performing arts such as theater, opera, and dance, it is a general term for the various elements that aid in theatrical expression by appealing to the audience's vision and imagination. Specifically, it refers to fields such as stage equipment, costumes, makeup, lighting, and visual effects, but generally does not include music, sound effects, and other aspects that appeal to the auditory sense. [Tsuyoshi Ishii] The role of stage artIn modern times, the forms of theatrical expression have become more diverse, so the nature of the so-called "stage" can be considered in a broader scope. There are traditional Japanese theatrical performances such as Kabuki, Noh, and Kyogen, as well as Western-influenced theatrical performances such as opera, ballet, modern theater, and musicals, and even the art of television and film, which are closely related to theatrical expression, although the media are different. Although these forms of expression are different from each other, they all consist of three basic elements: "play (story)," "actors (performers)," and "audience." The role of stage art is to visualize and shape the theme of the work intended by the director in the stage space, while individual genres such as set, lighting, and costume directly interact with these three elements and influence each other. [Tsuyoshi Ishii] Set designerA set designer is someone who mainly designs the set (props, stage equipment, etc.) and costumes (including wigs and makeup) for a stage production. Plans are worked out through detailed discussions with the director, staff, and actors, and the actual items are produced based on the final design drawings, models, samples, etc. Set designers are responsible for bringing these items into shape on the actual stage until the opening night. [Tsuyoshi Ishii] International OrganizationsIn 1968, OISTAT (International Organisation for Performing Arts and Theatre Technology) was founded, which was based on the International Theatre Institute (ITI). It is an abbreviation of the French acronym Organisation Internationale des Scénographes, Techniciens et Architectes de Théâtre, and is headquartered in Prague, Czech Republic, with 36 member countries as of 2001. The word scénographie has come to be used internationally as a general term for stage art. [Tsuyoshi Ishii] "Design of theatrical space" edited by OISTAT Japan Center (1984, Libroport) ▽ "Stage & Television Design" edited and published by the Japan Stage and Television Designers Association (1990) ▽ "Installation in Afterimages - Expression as Stage Art" by Takashi Shinkawa (1994, Korinsha Publishing) [Reference] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
演劇やオペラ、舞踊などの舞台芸術において、観客の視覚や想像力に訴えることによりその舞台表現を助ける諸要素の総称をいう。具体的には舞台装置をはじめとして舞台衣装、舞台化粧、舞台照明、視覚効果などの分野をいうが、音楽や音響効果などの聴覚に訴える部門は一般的には含まれない。 [石井強司] 舞台美術の役割現代では舞台表現の形態が多様化しているために、いわゆる「舞台」の性質もすこし範囲を広げて考えられよう。歌舞伎(かぶき)、能、狂言など日本の伝統的な舞台から、オペラ、バレエ、新劇、ミュージカルなど欧米からの影響を受けている舞台、さらにメディアの違いはあっても舞台表現と近い関係にあるテレビや映画などの美術もある。これらの表現形式はおのおの異なっているものの、そのいずれもが「戯曲(ストーリー)」「俳優(演技者)」「観客」という三つの基本要素によって成り立っている。その三要素に装置、照明、衣装などの個々のジャンルが直接かかわり合って相互に影響しあいながら、演出家の意図する作品のテーマをいかに舞台空間に視覚化、造形化するかに舞台美術の役割があるといえよう。 [石井強司] 舞台美術家ひとつの舞台作品のなかで、おもに舞台装置(大道具や小道具など)や舞台衣装(かつらやメイクアップなども含む)のデザインをする人を舞台美術家という。演出家や各スタッフ、演技者との綿密な打合せによってプランが練られてゆき、最終的なデザイン画や模型、サンプルなどを元に実物が製作される。舞台美術家は、それらが実際の舞台に造形化され初日を迎えるまでの責任をもつ。 [石井強司] 国際組織1968年には、国際演劇協会(ITI)を母体としたOISTAT(舞台美術・劇場技術国際組織)が創立された。これはフランス語Organisation Internationale des Scénographes, Techniciens et Architectes de Théâtreの頭文字をとった略称で、チェコのプラハに本部があり、2001年現在加盟36か国に及んでいる。なお、舞台美術全般の国際的な用語としてセノグラフィーscénographieの語が使われるようになってきている。 [石井強司] 『OISTAT日本センター編『劇空間のデザイン』(1984・リブロポート)』▽『日本舞台テレビ美術家協会編・刊『ステージ&テレビデザイン』(1990)』▽『新川貴詩著『残像にインストール――舞台美術という表現』(1994・光琳社出版)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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