Fudai daimyo - Fudai daimyo

One of the daimyo classifications in the Edo period. Retainers with a hereditary lord-vassal relationship were called fudai, and arose among samurai from the Kamakura period onwards. In the Edo period, after the Battle of Sekigahara, those who were appointed as daimyo from among the Tokugawa clan's vassals were called fudai daimyo, in contrast to the new tozama daimyo who had belonged to the Tokugawa clan. Tokugawa Ieyasu's policy of expanding the fudai daimyo was strongly promoted by successive shoguns, and became a strong foundation supporting the Tokugawa clan. The highest was the Ii clan with 350,000 koku. Most were small daimyo with less than 50,000 koku. However, fudai daimyo were stationed in key locations throughout the country, and monopolized key positions such as senior councilors, young councilors, temple and shrine magistrates, Kyoto shoshidai, and Osaka castle governor, and were in an important position to execute the shogunate government.

[Fujino Tamotsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代における大名類別の一つ。世襲的な主従関係をもつ家臣を譜代といい、鎌倉時代以降武士の間で発生した。江戸時代においては、関ヶ原の戦い以降、新しく徳川氏に帰属した外様(とざま)大名に対し、徳川氏の家臣団のなかから大名に取り立てられた者を譜代大名と称した。徳川家康による譜代大名の拡大政策は、歴代将軍によって強力に推進され、徳川氏を支える強力な基盤となった。最高は井伊氏の35万石。5万石以下の小大名が多い。しかし、譜代大名は全国の要地に配置され、老中・若年寄(わかどしより)、寺社奉行(ぶぎょう)、京都所司代(しょしだい)、大坂城代などの要職を独占し、幕政を執行する重要な立場にあった。

［藤野　保］

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