One of the Turkic languages. It is also called New Uighur to distinguish it from the ancient and medieval Uighur languages. Modern Uighur is spoken by approximately 7.2 million people (1990) in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China, and by approximately 240,000 people (1986) in the Republic of Kazakhstan and other regions. Along with Uzbek, it forms an Eastern branch of the Turkic language family. The Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region uses an orthography based on the central dialects of Kashgar and Turfan. The grammatical structure and word order are very similar to Japanese, with words such as öy (house), öyniŋ (house), öyni (house), öyge (to house), öyde (at home), and öydin (from house). For a long time, Arabic-Persian characters were used for writing, but China established a Latinized alphabet in 1930, revised the Arabic alphabet along the way, and from 1976 onwards used the Chinese pinyin alphabet, but since 1982 the Arabic-Persian alphabet has been used again. In Kazakhstan, Latinization was promoted from 1930 to 1946 during the Soviet era, and the Cyrillic alphabet was later adopted. [Kazuo Takeuchi] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トルコ系諸言語の一つ。古代、中世のウイグル語と区別するために新ウイグル語ともよばれる。現代ウイグル語は、中国の新疆(しんきょう/シンチヤン)ウイグル自治区で約720万人(1990)、カザフスタン共和国などで約24万人(1986)が使用している。トルコ語族のうちウズベク語とともに東方語派を形づくる。新疆ウイグル自治区では、カシュガル、トゥルファンなどの中央方言を土台にした正書法が採用されている。文法構造や語順は、öy(家)、öyniŋ(家の)、öyni(家を)、öyge(家へ)、öyde(家で)、öydin(家から)のように、日本語とよく似ている。長い間アラビア・ペルシア文字を用いて表記されていたが、中国では1930年ラテン化字母が制定され、途中アラビア字の改訂を挟み、76年以後は漢語拼音(ぴんいん)字母による正書法が行われていた。しかし、1982年からアラビア・ペルシア文字の正書法が復活している。カザフスタンではソ連時代の1930~46年にラテン化が進められ、のちキリル字母を採用している。 [竹内和夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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