Fushimi

This is the central area of ​​Fushimi Ward in the southern part of Kyoto City. Except for the Momoyama Hills in the east, most of the area is low-lying and a floodplain of the Kamo River. The JR Nara Line, Keihan Main Line, and Kintetsu Kyoto Line run north and south, the Keihan Uji Line branches off from here at Chushojima, and the Meishin Expressway crosses the area from east to west. The Kintetsu Line also connects with the city subway Karasuma Line at Takeda Station.

Around the Enkyu era (1069-1074), Tachibana Toshitsuna built Fushimi Villa, and since then, it has been a place of business for nobles. Toyotomi Hideyoshi built Fushimi Castle on the Momoyama Hills and developed into a castle town, but in 1625 (Kan'ei 2), Fushimi Castle was demolished by the Edo Shogunate. After that, it came under the control of the Fushimi Magistrate, and with the excavation of the Takase River, it flourished as the starting point of water transportation on the Yodo River connecting Kyoto and Osaka. After the Meiji era, water transportation on the Yodo River declined with the opening of the Tokaido Line, but the Keihan Electric Railway opened and it developed as a satellite city of Kyoto City. With high-quality hard water, it is known as a sake brewing area on a par with Nada in Hyogo Prefecture, and even today old sake breweries line the Shin-Takase River and other areas.

In 1929 (Showa 4), Fushimi Town was incorporated as a city on the premise of merging with Kyoto City. In 1931, Fushimi City was incorporated into Kyoto City along with Fukakusa Town and the seven villages of Taketa, Horiuchi, Shimotoba, Yokooji, Nouso, Mukaijima, and Daigo, to become Fushimi Ward. In 1950 (Showa 25), the two villages of Kuga and Hatsukashi were incorporated, and in 1957, Yodo Town was incorporated.

[Takeo Oda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都市南部、伏見区の中心地区。東部の桃山(ももやま)丘陵を除けば、大部分は鴨(かも)川の氾濫原(はんらんげん)で低平である。JR奈良線、京阪電鉄本線、近鉄京都線が南北に通じ、中書島(ちゅうしょじま)で京阪電鉄宇治(うじ)線が分岐し、名神高速道路が東西に交差する。また近鉄は竹田駅で市営地下鉄烏丸(からすま)線と接続している。

　延久(えんきゅう)年間（1069～1074）ごろ橘俊綱(たちばなのとしつな)が伏見山荘を造営して以来、貴紳の別業地となった。豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉が桃山丘陵に伏見城を築いて城下町として発展したが、1625年（寛永2）江戸幕府によって伏見城は解体された。その後、伏見奉行(ぶぎょう)の支配下に入り、高瀬川の開削で、京都と大坂を結ぶ淀(よど)川水運の起点として栄えた。明治以後は東海道線の開通によって淀川水運は衰えたが、京阪電鉄が開通して京都市の衛星都市として発展。良質の硬水を湧出(ゆうしゅつ)し、兵庫県の灘(なだ)と並ぶ酒造地として知られ、いまも新高瀬川沿いなどに古い酒蔵が建ち並ぶ。

　なお、1929年（昭和4）京都市との合併を前提に伏見町が市制施行、1931年伏見市は深草(ふかくさ)町と竹田、堀内(ほりうち)、下鳥羽(しもとば)、横大路(よこおおじ)、納所(のうそ)、向島(むかいじま)、醍醐(だいご)の7村とともに京都市に編入して伏見区となり、さらに1950年（昭和25）久我(くが)、羽束師(はつかし)の2村、1957年に淀町を編入した。

［織田武雄］

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