Bags - Bags

Japanese: 袋物 - ふくろもの
Bags - Bags

A general term for bag-shaped storage containers. They are used to store, carry, preserve, and organize items, and are made of leather, paper, cloth, synthetic fibers, etc. Bags developed with the emergence of humanity, and have undergone various changes as our lifestyles have changed. In Japan, the oldest form of bag is seen in the haniwa clay figurines of people from the Kofun period, where they appear as hip-hanging items, probably bags containing flint to start fires.

Bags can be broadly categorized by their purpose: for storage, there are uwazashi bags for storing clothes, tonoi bags for those who served at the Imperial Court when on night duty, bait bags for storing food, musical instrument bags for storing instruments, sword bags for storing weapons, and shifuku bags for storing tea utensils. Bags for carrying have long included drawstring bags, flint bags, wallets, paper cases, tobacco cases, doran, amulets, scent bags, incense bags, and shoulder bags. After Western culture was imported, handbags, shopping bags, and shoulder bags came into widespread use. Also, the nose paper bag, which originated as a pocket bag, later became the santoku and hakoseko, and a coin purse called hayamichi, which was easier to use than a wallet, was invented. Furthermore, since the Heian period, amulet bags were used as kakemamori, worn around the neck, but in later times they changed into items worn on the waist.

These bags were made from a variety of materials, starting with leather, then cloth and high-quality textiles. The leather was mostly tanned deer hide. High-quality textiles included famous fabrics such as brocade, donsu and brocade brought from China, fabrics made in Nishijin, Kyoto that imitated these fabrics, and later on cloth with auspicious patterns embroidered with five-colored threads, or appliques, or with rosashi and Saga Nishiki. After the Meiji period, materials such as crocodiles, lizards, beads, spangles, and bagworm raincoats, as well as synthetic materials such as artificial silk and artificial leather, were also used.

Another distinctive feature of bags is their fasteners. Kumihimo cords have been used since ancient times, and various ingenious methods have been used to tie them. In the case of leather items, such distinctive features are not seen. In the case of waist bags, the netsuke are made from Chinese wood or tusk, and are fine works of art. Intricate works are also made using gold, silver, copper, and shibuichi, and since the Meiji period, various ingenious techniques have been used for the clasps, resulting in the creation of calm, refined items unique to Japan, which continue to be made to this day. In contrast, bags in mountain, farm, and fishing villages are made from readily available materials such as straw, bark, cotton, and hemp, and some of these are embroidered, with kogin or hishizashi patterns, or made into screw bags.

[Takeshi Endo]

Modern bags

In addition to practical and decorative bags, handbags, and highly decorative pouches, practical items include various equipment bags, tool bags, carrying bags (camera bags, sports bags, attaché cases, knapsacks, tote bags, etc.), and storage bags (garment bags, accessory cases, etc.).Currently popular items include lightweight and disposable paper bags, paper or vinyl shopping bags, wheeled bags with wheeled legs on the bottom for easy portability, and fur storage bags made of special film that is insect-proof, moisture-proof, and oxygen-absorbing.

[Hirano Yuko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

袋の形をした物入れの総称。品物を袋の中に収めたり、携行したり、保存、整理するのに用いられ、皮革、紙、布、合成繊維などでつくられている。袋物は人類の発生とともに発達し、その生活の変化によって、さまざまな変化を遂げている。袋物の形態は、わが国では古墳時代の人物埴輪(はにわ)のなかに、腰提げ物として登場してくるのがもっとも古く、おそらく発火器としての火打石の袋であろう。

 袋物を用途別に大きく分けると、保存用の物としては、衣服類を入れる上刺(うわざし)袋と、宮中に仕えている人たちが宿直(とのい)をする際に用いた殿居(とのい)(宿直)袋、また食料を入れる餌(え)袋、楽器を入れる楽器袋、武器を収める太刀(たち)袋、あるいは茶道具を収める仕覆(しふく)がある。携行する袋には、巾着(きんちゃく)、火打袋、財布、紙入れ、たばこ入れ、胴乱、守り袋、匂(にお)い袋、香袋、背負い袋などが古くからあった。欧米文化が輸入されてからは、手提げ袋、買い物袋、ショルダー類が盛んに用いられることとなった。また懐中袋として発生した鼻紙袋が、のち三徳(さんとく)、箱迫(はこせこ)となり、また財布より使いやすい早道(はやみち)という銭入れが考案された。また守り袋は平安時代以来懸守(かけまもり)という首にかけて用いたものが、後世になると腰提げ物へと変わった。

 これらの袋物には、皮革に始まって、布帛(ふはく)類、高級な織物類が材料として用いられた。皮革は鹿(しか)のなめし革が多い。高級織物は中国からもたらされた金襴(きんらん)、緞子(どんす)、錦(にしき)類の名物裂(めいぶつぎれ)、それを模して京都西陣でつくった織物、のちには羅紗(らしゃ)に吉祥模様を五彩の糸で刺したもの、あるいはアップリケにしたり、絽刺(ろざし)、佐賀錦などでもつくられた。明治以降、ワニ、トカゲ、ビーズ、スパングル、ミノムシの蓑(みの)、さらに人造絹糸、人造皮革など化学合成物も利用される。

 また袋物の特色はその留具にある。古くから用いられたものは組紐(くみひも)で、その結び方にも、いろいろのくふうが凝らされた。皮革類の場合は、その特色があまりみられない。腰提げの場合は根付けが唐木や牙(げ)でつくられ、りっぱな工芸品となっている。また金、銀、赤銅(しゃくどう)、四分一(しぶいち)を使っての精緻(せいち)な作品、明治以降は口金(くちがね)に種々のくふうが行われ、わが国独自の落ち着いた、しっとりとしたものがつくられ、今日に至っている。これとは反対に、山村・農村・漁村の袋物は、身辺にある藁(わら)、樹皮、木綿、麻などの材料を使い、なかにはこれに刺し物を加えて、こぎん、菱刺(ひしざし)にしたり、ねじ袋仕立てにして用いた。

[遠藤 武]

現代の袋物

実用と装飾を兼ねた鞄(かばん)、ハンドバッグ、装飾性の強いポーチ類をはじめ、実用的なものには、各種の用具袋、道具袋、運搬袋(カメラバッグ、スポーツバッグ、アタッシェケース、ナップザック、トートバッグなど)と保存袋(ガーメントバッグ、アクセサリーケースなど)がある。今日的なものとして、軽量で使い捨て自在の紙袋、紙やビニル製のショッピングバッグ、携行の便宜を図って底に脚輪をつけたキャスターバッグ、防虫・防湿のほか脱酸素作用のある特殊フィルム製の毛皮用保管収納袋などが注目される。

[平野裕子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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