Double standard - Fukuhoniseido (English spelling)

Japanese: 複本位制度 - ふくほんいせいど(英語表記)double standard 英語
Double standard - Fukuhoniseido (English spelling)

A monetary system in which coins made of two specific metals are both standard and unlimited legal tender, and the most common form is the bimetallic system. The bimetallic system allows the free casting of gold and silver coins with the same coin name (if gold and silver bullion is imported and a request is made for the casting of gold and silver coins, the government will comply), and the exchange rate (conversion ratio) of the two metals is legally set. The bimetallic system is a system that contrasts with unitary systems such as the gold standard, but in reality, historically, it was also a unitary system of one of the metals. In other words, the gold and silver ratio in the market (the exchange rate at any given time as bullion) is constantly fluctuating, while the legal exchange rate is fixed, so one of the metals is overvalued, and as a result, the undervalued metal coins are melted and exported, and the overvalued metal circulated as standard currency. For this reason, the bimetallic standard system is also called the alternative standard system, and was a transitional monetary system from the silver standard to the gold standard.

In addition, in contrast to this typical system among bimetallic standards, there is a system in which the gold-silver ratio is not legally set but is left to the prevailing market price, which is called the parallel standard system.

[Tadashi Saito]

[Reference items] | Coin | Gold and silver ratio | Standard system

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

特定の金属2種を素材とするおのおのの鋳貨をともに本位貨幣・無制限法貨とした貨幣制度をいうが、その通常の形態は金銀複本位制度である。金銀複本位制度は、同じ貨幣名をもつ金・銀鋳貨の自由鋳造(金・銀地金(じがね)を輸納して金・銀貨鋳造が求められれば政府はこれに応じること)が認められるとともに、金・銀両金属の比価(交換比率)が法定されている制度である。複本位制度は金本位制度などの単本位制度と対比した制度であるが、歴史上実際には、これもまたどちらかの金属の単本位制度であった。つまり、市場における金銀比価(地金としてのその時々の交換比率)はつねに変動するのに対して、法定比価は固定的であるため、どちらかの金属を割高に評価することとなり、結果的に割安に評価された金属鋳貨は溶解され、輸出されてしまい、割高評価の金属が本位貨幣として流通したからである。このことから、複本位制度は交替本位制度ともいわれ、銀本位制度から金本位制度への過渡的貨幣制度であった。

 なお、複本位制度のなかでもこのような典型的な制度に対して、金銀比価を法定せずに市場比価の実勢にゆだねる制度を平行本位制度とよんで区別している。

[齊藤 正]

[参照項目] | 貨幣 | 金銀比価 | 本位制度

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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