Kashidonya - Wholesaler

Japanese: 河岸問屋 - かしどんや

…[Hodate Michihisa] Many riverbanks were newly established in the early Edo period by feudal lords, hatamoto vassals, and shogunate deputies to transport rice tax and feudal lords' luggage, but some were descended from medieval tsu, some were established as a means of transporting travelers visiting temples and shrines, and later some were established by merchants for the profit of shipping. Even at riverbanks established by the feudal class, as the distribution of goods developed, riverbank wholesalers were established and began to handle general commercial luggage, and the volume of transportation increased. In the case of the Kanto region, the shogunate mobilized local deputies to conduct a survey of riverbanks beyond their territories in 1689-90 (Genroku 2-3), and the survey covered over 80 riverbanks. …

From 【Water Transport】

…In the Kanto region, the waterways and riverside transport facilities, which were developed primarily for the transport of rice as tax, were subject to a unified review by the shogunate in 1690 (Genroku 3), and were tentatively completed. However, at the same time, water transport began to handle not only rice tax transport but also general commercial freight transport, and new riversides appeared in places other than the existing riversides. The existing riversides, and especially the riverside wholesalers at the center of them, wanted to monopolize water transport, and allied themselves with the shogunate and feudal lords, and obtained the privilege of prohibiting the establishment of new riversides and new wholesalers in exchange for paying tax on transport. The official recognition of the establishment of riverside wholesaler stocks throughout the Kanto region by the shogunate in the Meiwa and An'ei periods (1764-81) marked the completion of the existing riverside monopoly system. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "riverside wholesalers" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…【保立道久】　河岸は江戸初期に年貢米や領主荷物輸送のために，大名，旗本，幕府代官等によって新設された場合が多いが，中世の〈津〉の系譜をもつもの，寺社参詣の旅人の乗降によってできたもの，後には通船の利益を目的に商人等によって設けられたものもある。領主階級によって設けられた河岸でも，商品流通が発展してくると，河岸問屋ができて一般商荷物輸送も扱うようになり，輸送量は増大する。関東の場合，幕府は1689‐90年(元禄2‐3)に各地の代官を動員して支配領域を越えた河岸の調査を行ったが，そのときの対象河岸は80余に及んだ。…

【水運】より

…関東では，年貢米輸送を最大の契機として開発された水運路と輸送機構である河岸は，1690年(元禄3)に幕府の統一的な吟味を受けて一応の完成をみるが，同時に水運は年貢米輸送ばかりでなく一般商荷物輸送等も担当するようになり，既成の河岸以外の所に新河岸が発生する。既成の河岸，とくにその中心である河岸問屋は，水運の独占を望んで幕府･領主権力と結び，運上金上納を代償に新河岸･新問屋禁止の特権を獲得する。明和･安永期(1764‐81)幕府による関東全域にわたる河岸問屋株の設定公認は，既成河岸独占体制の完成を示すものであった。…

※「河岸問屋」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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