Fukuchiyama Basin

A basin located at the northern end of the Tamba Highlands in northwest Kyoto Prefecture. It is approximately 14 km east to west and 1.5 km north to south. It is a fault basin formed by a fault running east to west, and the Yura River, which flows through the basin from east to west, suddenly turns north at the western end of the basin, causing flooding during floods. For this reason, the Yura River Dam and the Ohno Dam were built upstream for flood control. Ayabe City is in the eastern part of the basin, and Fukuchiyama City is in the western part. The JR San'in Main Line runs through the center of the basin, branching off into the Maizuru Line in Ayabe City and the Fukuchiyama Line in Fukuchiyama City. River terraces have developed on the floor of the basin, and settlements are built on the terraces to avoid flooding. The terraces and the floodplains of the Yura River were used for rice paddies and mulberry fields, and sericulture has flourished since the Meiji period, with the silk-reeling industry developing in Ayabe and Fukuchiyama.

[Takeo Oda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都府北西部、丹波(たんば)高地北端にある盆地。東西約14キロメートル、南北約1.5キロメートル。東西に走る断層によって形成された断層盆地で、東から西に貫流する由良(ゆら)川は盆地の西端で急に北に転ずるため、洪水時には湛水氾濫(たんすいはんらん)が生じた。そのため上流には洪水調節用の由良川ダム、大野ダムが設置されている。盆地の東部に綾部(あやべ)市、西部に福知山市があり、盆地中央をJR山陰本線が通じ、綾部市で舞鶴(まいづる)線、福知山市で福知山線を分岐する。盆地床には河岸段丘が発達し、集落は洪水を避けて段丘上に立地する。段丘や由良川の氾濫原は水田、桑畑に利用され、明治以降養蚕業が盛んで、綾部、福知山には製糸工業が発達した。

［織田武雄］

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