Inventory of property

Japanese: 財産目録 - ざいさんもくろく(英語表記)inventory of property
Inventory of property

A list of all assets and liabilities owned by a company as of the record date. Assets refer to things that have liquidity value or collateral value, and liabilities refer to legal obligations, so items excluded from the list include deferred assets, which are fictitious assets in accounting, some intangible assets such as brand value whose asset value is difficult to measure, and provisions such as repair reserves, which are not liabilities in accounting.

The format of the recording is to grasp and record in detail each asset and liability determined based on a physical inventory on the closing date, by item, type, etc.

Japan's old Commercial Code, with its emphasis on asset calculation, required the preparation of an asset inventory when a company is established or established, and at each accounting period, but the revision of the Commercial Code in 1974 (Showa 49) made it unnecessary to prepare an asset inventory. Instead, the principle is that a company will conduct a physical inventory and prepare a balance sheet as a procedure to make up for any deficiencies in the continuous transaction records based on double-entry bookkeeping. However, in the case of bankruptcy, liquidation, or corporate reorganization, the preparation of an asset inventory is required because it is necessary to grasp the company's financial situation (Bankruptcy Act, Article 153, Paragraph 2; Companies Act, Article 492; Corporate Reorganization Act, Article 83, Paragraph 2, etc.).

[Noriyuki Chikada]

[Reference item] | Balance sheet

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

企業が作成基準日において所有するすべての財産と債務を記載した目録。財産とは、換金価値や担保価値のあるものをさし、債務とは法的な債務をさすので、いわゆる会計上の擬制資産である繰延資産や財産価値に関する計測が困難なブランド価値などの無形資産の一部、修繕引当金のような会計上の負債である債務性のない引当金等は記載項目から除外されることになる。

 記載形式としては、決算日における実地棚卸に基づき確定した個々の財産や債務を銘柄別、種類別など詳細に把握し、記載する。

 日本の旧商法は、財産計算重視の考え方から、開業ないし会社成立時、および毎決算時における財産目録の作成を義務づけていたが、1974年(昭和49)の商法の改正において、現在では財産目録の作成は必要とされなくなった。そのかわりに、複式簿記による継続的な取引記録を基礎として、その不備を補う手続として実地棚卸を行い、貸借対照表を作成することを原則としている。ただし、破産、会社の清算、会社更生の場合には、企業の財産状態の把握が必要なことから、財産目録の作成が要求されている(破産法153条2項、会社法492条、会社更生法83条2項など)。

[近田典行]

[参照項目] | 貸借対照表

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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