There are many known examples of bacteria and protozoans that live in the digestive tract of animals contributing nutritionally to their hosts by breaking down substances that the host cannot digest and synthesizing proteins and vitamins. The nutritional function of such symbiotic microorganisms is called symbiotic nutrition, and when it is involved in the breakdown of indigestible matter it is called symbiotic digestion. Most herbivores do not have the digestive enzyme (cellulase) to break down cellulose, the main component of plants, but they can use cellulose as nutrition thanks to the action of microorganisms that live in their digestive tract. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
動物の消化管内にすむ細菌や原生動物は宿主が消化できない物質を分解したり,タンパク質やビタミン類を合成したりして,宿主にたいして栄養的に寄与している例が多く知られている。このような共生微生物による栄養的な働きを共生栄養といい,とくに不消化物の分解にかかわる場合を共生消化symbiotic digestionという。草食動物のほとんどは植物体の主要な成分であるセルロースを分解する消化酵素(セルラーゼ)をもたないが,消化管内にすむ微生物の働きによってセルロースを栄養として利用できる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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