Even if there is no sweating or urination, adults lose about 900 milliliters of water per day. About two-thirds of this is lost from the skin, and the remaining one-third is lost from the respiratory tract. This type of water loss is not felt like urine or sweat, so it is called insensible perspiration. In humans, the evaporation of 1 gram of water removes 0.58 kilocalories of heat from the body, so the amount of heat lost through insensible perspiration per day is as much as 520 kilocalories. This amount is equivalent to about one-third of the metabolic rate at rest. In order for humans to maintain a constant body temperature, the body must dissipate heat equal to the heat generated by metabolic processes, and insensible perspiration is one important means of achieving this. It is said that in Rome (1473) and Florence (1513), people died of heatstroke after their insensible perspiration was impaired when they were smeared all over their bodies with gold dust for carnival costumes. [Yoshiyuki Honda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
発汗や排尿がまったくなくても、成人では1日約900ミリリットルの水分蒸発がある。このうち約3分の2は皮膚面からの蒸発で、残り3分の1が呼吸気道からの蒸発である。このような水分の蒸発は尿や汗などと異なり感覚されないので不感蒸散(不感蒸泄(じょうせつ))とよばれる。 ヒトの場合、1グラムの水分の蒸発によって0.58キロカロリーの気化熱が体から奪われるので、1日の不感蒸散による熱喪失量は520キロカロリーにも達することとなる。この量は、安静時における物質代謝量の約3分の1に相当する。ヒトが体温を一定に保つためには、物質代謝によってつくられた熱と等しいだけの熱が身体から放散されなければならないわけで、不感蒸散はその一つの重要な手段といえる。かつて、カーニバルの扮装(ふんそう)で全身に金粉を塗ったため、不感蒸散が障害されて熱中死した例がローマ(1473)とフィレンツェ(1513)であったといわれている。 [本田良行] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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