French composer, educator, and organist. Born in the family of an educator in Pamiers, a town in southern France near Spain, he showed musical talent from an early age. At the age of nine, he entered the Niedermeyer Conservatory in Paris, where he studied religious music for 11 years. During this time, he was exposed to the music of Liszt and Wagner in Saint-Saëns' piano class, and discovered his interest in composition. After graduating from the school in 1865, he served as organist at several places in Paris, starting with the Saint-Sauveur Church in Rennes, and in 1877 he became conductor at the Madeleine Church, and in 1896 he became the principal organist at the same church. In the same year, he became professor of composition at the Paris Conservatory, and served as its director for 17 years from 1905. His nearly 80 years of life were peaceful, with no ups and downs except for trips abroad to Germany and other places, but for the last 20 years of his life, he devoted himself to teaching and composing, despite the misfortune of losing his hearing due to an ear disease, and lived up to his reputation. His style, which is filled with elegance and depth, especially in his later years, is unparalleled. He became an Academician in 1909 and died in Paris in simple poverty. A state funeral was held upon his death. Fauré's creative period spanned 59 years, from 1865 (age 20) to 1924 (age 79). Amidst the turbulent artistic trends of Romanticism, the Belle Époque at the end of the century, and Dadaism, he consistently maintained his own highly lyrical and refined style, leaving behind many excellent works in the fields of vocal music, piano music, and chamber music. His vocal music was the most important of all, and his early songs such as After a Dream (1865?) and Lydia (1870?) based on Romantic poems, Moonlight (1887) and Gentle Song (1892-94) based on poems by Verlaine, and Phantom Horizon (1921), which he composed in his final years, made French melody (the French translation of lied) comparable to German lied. Other works include a Requiem (1887-88), the opera Penelope (1907-13), many piano impromptus, nocturnes and preludes, as well as a Piano Trio in D minor (1922-23) and a String Quartet in E minor (1923-24, his last work). [Funayama Nobuko] "P. Fauré-Fourmier, translated by Yu Fujiwara, "Fauré: The Man and His Art" (1972, Ongaku No Tomosha)" "E. Vuillermoz, translated by Kazuo Iezato, "Gabriel Fauré: The Man and His Works" (1981, Ongaku No Tomosha)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの作曲家、教育者、オルガン奏者。スペインに近い南フランスの町パミエの教育者の家に生まれ、早くから音楽の才能を示した。9歳からパリのニデルメイエール音楽学校に入学、11年間宗教音楽を中心に学ぶ。この間、サン・サーンスのピアノ・クラスでリスト、ワーグナーの音楽に接し、作曲に開眼した。1865年同校卒業後、レンヌのサン・ソブール教会を皮切りに、パリのいくつかのオルガン奏者を歴任し、77年にマドレーヌ教会の楽長、96年には同教会主席オルガン奏者となった。同じ96年からパリ音楽院の作曲法の教授となり、1905年から17年間、同院長を務めた。その80年近い生涯は、ドイツなどへの外国旅行のほかには波瀾(はらん)もない平穏なものであったが、後半生の20年間は、耳の疾患により聴力を失うという不幸のなかで教育と作曲活動に専念して、その名声にこたえた。とくに晩年の作品にみられる気品と深みをたたえた作風は、他の追随を許さない。1909年アカデミー会員となり、清貧のうちにパリに没。死にあたっては国葬が行われている。 フォーレの創作期は1865年(20歳)から1924年(79歳)までの59年に及ぶ。彼はロマン主義から世紀末のベル・エポック、ダダイスムなど、激動する芸術的潮流のなかにあって、一貫して叙情性の強く、完成度の高い独自の様式を貫き、声楽、ピアノ曲、室内楽の各分野で多くの秀作を残した。なかでも声楽曲がもっとも重要で、ロマン派の詩による『夢のあとに』(1865?)、『リディア』(1870?)など初期の歌曲、ベルレーヌの詩による『月の光』(1887)と『優(やさ)しい歌』(1892~94)、そして最晩年の『幻(まぼろし)の水平線』(1921)などによって、フランスのメロディ(リートの仏訳)は、ドイツ・リートに匹敵するものとなった。そのほかに、『レクイエム』(1887~88)、オペラ『ペネロープ』(1907~13)、多くのピアノ用の即興曲・夜想曲・前奏曲、ピアノ三重奏曲ニ短調(1922~23)、弦楽四重奏曲ホ短調(1923~24、絶筆)がある。 [船山信子] 『P・フォーレ・フルミエ著、藤原裕訳『フォーレ――その人と芸術』(1972・音楽之友社)』▽『E・ヴュイエルモーズ著、家里和夫訳『ガブリエル・フォーレ――人と作品』(1981・音楽之友社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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