Foch, Ferdinand

Japanese: フォッシュ（英語表記）Foch， Ferdinand

Born: October 2, 1851, Tarbes
Died March 20, 1929. Paris. French military officer. General who is said to have contributed most to the victory of the Allied forces in World War I. He volunteered for the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 but did not participate in the actual battle. The following year he studied at the Ecole Polytechnique in Nancy, and in 1974 he enrolled in the 24th Artillery Corps. He studied at the Army War College from 1885, and became a lecturer in military history at the same college in 1995, and its president in 1908. During World War I, he fought in the Battle of the Marne in 1914 and the Battle of Artois. In 1917 he became commander-in-chief of the French Army in place of General P. Pétain, and in 1918 he became commander-in-chief of the Allied forces. In the same year, he held the front line well and succeeded in turning the Allied forces around, as they were nearly destroyed by the German attack, until the arrival of a large American relief force. He was made a marshal of France in August of the same year, and a marshal of Poland in May 1923. He served as chairman of the Allied commission for the armistice negotiations at Versailles in 1920. He also wrote an unfinished book, Memoires pour servir à1904-1918 (2 volumes, 1931).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1851.10.2. タルブ
[没]1929.3.20. パリ
フランスの軍人。第1次世界大戦の連合国側の勝利に最も貢献したとされる将軍。 1870年の普仏戦争に志願したが実戦には参加せず，翌年ナンシーのエコール・ポリテクニクで学び，74年第 24砲兵隊に登録。 85年より陸軍大学校で学び，95年同大学校軍事史講師，1908年同大学校校長となった。第1次世界大戦中は 14年のマルヌの戦い，アルトワの戦いなどで活躍。 17年 P.ペタン将軍に代りフランス軍総司令官となり，18年に連合軍総司令官に就任。同年ドイツ軍の攻撃の前に壊滅しかかった連合軍をアメリカの大規模な救援部隊の到着まで，戦線をよく保持し，巻返しに成功。同年8月フランスの元帥，23年5月ポーランドの元帥となり，20年のベルサイユにおける休戦交渉の連合軍委員会委員長をつとめた。未完の著『回顧録』 Memoires pour servir à1904－1918 (2巻，1931) がある。

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