Fo (English spelling)Fo, Dario

Japanese: フォ（英語表記）Fo, Dario

Born: March 24, 1926, Sanjano
[Died] October 13, 2016. Milan, Italy. Playwright, director, and actor. He began his career in theater by writing and performing satirical plays at small theaters. In 1959, he founded a theater company with his wife, actress Franca Rame. In 1962, he quickly gained popularity with the television program Canzonissima. The satirical plays of Fo and Rame gradually became more politically agitating and sometimes blasphemous, but they were rooted in traditional commedia dell'arte and mixed with what Fo called "informal leftism." In 1968, he founded the theater company Nuova Sena with the support of the Communist Party (Left Democratic Party), to which he belonged. In 1970, he left the party and formed the theater company La Comune, which was based in Milan. He wrote about 70 plays, including Morte accidentale di un anarchico (1974) and Non si paga, non si paga! (1974), the latter of which was performed in Japan in 1985 by the Mingei Theater Company. As an actor, he is best known for Mistero Buffo (1973), based on medieval mystery plays. He was a caricatureist with a natural talent for agitation, and was often criticized by the authorities. However, his style was praised in 1997 for "opening people's eyes to social evils and injustices through his works that harmonize laughter and seriousness," and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. (Italian Theater)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1926.3.24. サンジャーノ
[没]2016.10.13. ミラノ
イタリアの劇作家，演出家，俳優。小劇場での風刺劇の執筆，出演から舞台の道に入る。1959年，妻で女優のフランカ・ラーメとともに劇団を創設。1962年テレビ番組『カンツォニッシマ』Canzonissimaでたちまち人気を博した。フォとラーメの風刺劇は徐々に政治的アジテーション（→扇動）の色合いを強め，ときに冒涜的であったが，伝統的なコメディア・デラルテに根ざし，フォのいう「非公式の左翼主義」を織り交ぜたものだった。1968年所属する共産党（→左翼民主党）の支援を受け劇団「ヌオバ・セナ」を設立した。1970年に離党し，劇団「ラ・コムーネ」を結成してミラノを拠点に活動した。約 70編の戯曲を書き，代表作に『アナーキストの事故死』Morte accidentale di un anarchico（1974），『払えないの？　払わないのよ！』Non si paga, non si paga!（1974）があり，後者は日本でも 1985年劇団民芸により上演された。俳優としては，中世の神秘劇を下敷きにした『ミステーロ・ブッフォ』Mistero Buffo（1973）で最もよく知られる。アジテーションに天賦の才をもったカリカチュアリスト（→カリカチュア）であり，しばしば当局からとがめを受けた。しかしその作風は 1997年「笑いと厳粛さを調和させた作品により，社会の悪弊と不公正に目を開かせた」として評価され，ノーベル文学賞（→ノーベル賞）を授与された。（→イタリア演劇）

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